Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
It involves the examination of the human body’s structure and its functions
Human Anatomy and Physiology
TRUE or FALSE: The coordinated function of all the parts of the human body allows us to detect changes or stimuli, respond to stimuli, and perform many other actions.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: Understanding anatomy and physiology only prepares healthcare professionals to evaluate recommended treatments, critically review advertisements and reports in the popular literature, and rationally discuss the human body with health professionals and nonprofessionals.
FALSE:
The original statement is false because it overgeneralizes the benefits of understanding anatomy and physiology. While it is certainly beneficial for healthcare professionals, it can also be valuable for individuals in various fields and for the general public.
A basic understanding of human anatomy and physiology can help individuals:
- Make informed health decisions: By understanding how the body works, individuals can make informed choices about diet, exercise, and other health-related behaviors.
- Critically evaluate health information: A solid foundation in anatomy and physiology can help individuals evaluate the credibility of health claims and distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources of information.
- Communicate effectively with healthcare providers: A basic understanding of medical terminology can facilitate better communication with healthcare professionals.
- Appreciate the complexity of the human body: Understanding the intricacies of human anatomy and physiology can foster a sense of wonder and appreciation for the human body.
While healthcare professionals rely heavily on this knowledge, it is not limited to them. A basic understanding of human anatomy and physiology can benefit anyone who seeks to improve their health and well-being.
What is the field of science that explores the organization of the body’s structure.
Anatomy
The word anatomy means
dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study.
TRUE OR FALSE: Anatomy covers a wide range of studies, including the structure of body parts, their microscopic organization, and the processes they develop.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: anatomy examines the
relationship between the structure of a body part and its function.
TRUE
What is the method of examining the body through its various systems, like the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems, and how is this approach reflected in most introductory textbooks?
Systemic anatomy
What is the study of the organization of the body by areas, where all systems are examined simultaneously within each region, such as the head, abdomen, or arm, and is commonly used in most medical and dental schools?
Regional anatomy
They are experts in this and study the internal structures of a living individual: surface anatomy and imaging techniques.
Anatomist
What is the branch of science that deals with the functions and processes of living organisms?
Physiology
Jane noticed that as her grandparents aged, their skin became more fragile and prone to tearing. She read that this is due to changes in the molecules that provide strength and flexibility to the skin. Which level of biological organization explains this process?
Chemical Level
This level refers to how atoms combine to form molecules like collagen, whose structure and function affect the body’s characteristics, including skin strength.
Emily is studying how different parts of a cell work together. She learns that the nucleus holds the cell’s hereditary information, while mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP, which the cell uses to function. What level of biological organization is Emily exploring?
Cell level.
The cell level involves the structural and functional units of organisms, with organelles like the nucleus and mitochondria playing key roles in cellular processes.
A researcher is studying how groups of cells work together to perform specific functions in the body. For example, they examine connective tissues that provide support and muscle tissues that help with movement. Which level of biological organization are they investigating?
Tissue level.
Tissue level involves groups of similar cells and the materials surrounding them, working together to perform specific functions.
Dr. Smith is analyzing the stomach, which is made up of muscle tissue for churning food, epithelial tissue for lining, and connective tissue for support. These tissues work together to aid digestion. What level of biological organization is Dr. Smith studying?
Organ level.
The organ level involves two or more tissue types that work together to perform common functions, like digestion in the stomach.
Sarah is learning how different parts of the body work together to maintain specific functions. She examines how the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra work as a unit to produce, store, and eliminate urine. What level of biological organization is Sarah studying?
Organ system.
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform common functions, like the urinary system handling waste elimination.
Emma is studying the human body and learns that it is made up of multiple organ systems, like the respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems, which all depend on each other to function. Whether it’s a single-celled organism like a bacterium or a complex being like a human, what level of biological organization is Emma examining?
Organism.
An organism is any living thing considered as a whole, whether it’s one cell or a collection of systems working together, like in humans.
What are the characteristics of life?
Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Growth, Development, Reproduction
What refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how those parts interact to perform specific functions, and what are the consequences of disrupting this organized state?
Organization
What is the ability to use energy for vital functions like growth, movement, and reproduction, and how do humans and plants obtain this energy?
Responsiveness
It refers to an increase in the size of all or part of the organism. It can result from an increase in cell number, cell size, or the amount of substance surrounding cells. For example, bones become larger as the number of bone cells increases and they become surrounded by bone matrix.
Growth
What term describes the changes an organism undergoes over time, from fertilization to death, including growth, differentiation, and specialization of cells into tissues and organs?
Development.
Development includes the entire process of growth and differentiation, where generalized cells become specialized for specific functions, forming the tissues and organs of an organism.
Lisa is studying how the body maintains stable conditions despite changes in the environment. For example, she learns that even when the external temperature fluctuates, the body regulates its internal temperature and chemical balance to keep cells functioning properly. What is the term for this process?
Homeostasis
Homeostasis refers to the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment, ensuring conditions like temperature, fluid volume, and chemical balance remain within a narrow, healthy range
