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Anaphy > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory input, Integration, Controls of muscles and glands, Homeostasis, Center for mental activities.

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2
Q

detects external and internal stimuli

A

sensory input

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3
Q

processes and responds to sensory input

A

integration

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4
Q

___ is maintained by regulating other systems

A

Homeostasis

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5
Q

Two anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system(CNS), Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)

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6
Q

Detects stimuli and transmits information TO the CNS and receives information FROM the CNS

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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7
Q

processes, integrates, stores, and responds information FROM the PNS

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

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8
Q

PNS has two divisions

A

Sensory division and Motor division

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9
Q

TRANSMITS action potentials FROM sensory receptors TO the CNS

A

Sensory division

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10
Q

CARRIES action potentials away FROM the CNS in cranial or spinal nerves

A

Motor division

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11
Q

innervervates skeletal muscle

A

Somatic nervous system

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12
Q

Innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands (three divisions)

A

Autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

three divisions of autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, and Enteric division

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14
Q

is most active during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

A

Sympathetic division

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15
Q

regulates RESTING FUNCTION

A

Parasympathetic division

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16
Q

controls the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A

Enteric nervous system

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17
Q

Two principal cell types

A

Neurons, Non-Neural cells (glial cells)

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18
Q

EXCITABLE cells that TRANSMITS electrical signal

A

Neurons

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19
Q

cells that SORROUND neurons. Account for over half the brains weight

A

Non-Neural Cells (glial cells)

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20
Q

Neurons have three compartments

A

cell body (soma), Dendrites, and Axon.

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21
Q

primary site of protein synthesis

A

cell body (soma)

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22
Q

are short, branched cytoplasmic extensions of the cell body that usually CONDUCT electric signals toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

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23
Q

a CYTOPLASMIC extension of the cell body that TRANSMITS action potentials to OTHER CELLS

A

Axon

24
Q

Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS are called

A

Nuclei

25
Q

Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS are called

A

ganglia

26
Q

the part of the neuron where the axon originates

A

Trigger zone

27
Q

branched terminus of an axon

A

Presynaptic terminal

28
Q

junction between a nerve cell and another cell

A

Synapse

29
Q

Bundles of PROCESSES are called ___ in the CNS

A

nerve tracts

30
Q

Bundles of PROCESSES are called ___ in the PNS

A

Nerves

31
Q

TYPES OF NEURON

A

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

32
Q

have several dendrites and a single axon

A

Multipolar Neurons

33
Q

have a single axon AND dendrite

A

Bipolar Neurons

34
Q

have a SINGLE AXON

A

Unipolar neurons

35
Q

supporting cells

A

Glial cells

36
Q

Glial cells of the CNS

A

A.M.Ep.O ( Astrocytes, Microglial, Epyndemal, Oligodendrocytes)

37
Q

Glial cells of the PNS

A

Satellite cells and Schwann cells

38
Q

Most abundant, versatile, and highly branched

A

Astrocytes

39
Q

Range in shape from squamous to columnar and many are ciliated.

A

Epyndemal cells

40
Q

Small, ovoid cells. Phaagocytes that monitor the health of neurons

A

Microglia

41
Q

form MYELIN SHEATHS around the axons of several CNS neurons

A

Oligodendrocytes

42
Q

Form a MYELIN SHEATH around part of the axon of a PNS neuron

A

Schwann cells

43
Q

Support and nourish neuron cell bodies within ganglia

A

Satellite cells

44
Q

plasma membrane of Schwann/oligodendroctyes

A

Myelinated axons

45
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of ranvier

46
Q

Rest in invaginations of Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes

A

Unmyelinated axons

47
Q

Nervous tissue can be grouped into __ and __

A

white matter and gray matter

48
Q

consists of myelinated axons, forms nerve tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS

A

White matter

49
Q

collection of neuron cell bodies or unmyelinated axons.

A

Gray matter

50
Q

Electric signals are produced by cells are called

A

action potentials

51
Q

transmits signal towards a synapse

A

presynaptic cell

52
Q

receives the signal of a synapse

A

postsynaptic cell

53
Q

two types of synapses

A

electrical, and chemical

54
Q

Neuronal pathways and circuits

A

Convergent pathway, divergent pathway, and oscillating circuit

55
Q

have many neurons synapsing with a FEW neurons

A

Convergent pathways

56
Q

have many neurons synapsing with a MANY neurons

A

divergent pathways

57
Q

Have COLLATERAL branches of postsynaptic neurons synapsing with presynaptic neurons

A

Oscillating circuits

Anaphy (3 decks)

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