Nervous (2nd ppt) for quiz Flashcards
THREE meningeal layers of the spinal cord
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater (DAP)
is between the PERIOSTEUM OF THE VERTBERAL CANAL and the DURA MATER
Epidural space
is between the ARACHNOID MATER and the PIA MATER
Subarachnoid space
is organized into COLUMNS which are subdivided into tracts (fasciculi or pathways), which consists of ASCENDING and DESCENDING axons
White matter
Gray matter is divided into horn
dorsal, ventral, lateral horns
contain sensory axons that synapse with interneurons
dorsal horns
contain the neuron cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
ventral horns
contain the neuron cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
lateral horns
Stereotypic, unconscious, involuntary responses to stimuli
Reflexes
Mediated through the SOMATIC motor nervous system
somatic reflexes
mediated through the ANS(AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM)
Autonomic reflexes
Reflexes are integrated within the brain and the spinal cord
Spinal reflexes
Muscles spindles detect the stretch of the skeletal muscles and cause the muscle to shorten reflexively
Stretch reflex
Major Spinal Nerve plexuses
Cervical (C1-C4), Brachial (C5-T1) Lumbar (L1-L4), Sacral (L4-S4), Coccygeal (S5-Coccygeal)
the LUMBAR and the SACRAL plexuses are often considered together as the _____
Lumbosacral plexus
is the control center for many of the body’s functions
The brain
The brain consists of the
Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and Cerebrum
Brainstem consists of the :
Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain
(under medulla oblongata) Regulate the heart, blood vessels, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, balance and coordination
Medullary nuclei
Superior to medulla
Pons
(under pons) regulate breathing, swallowing, balance, chewing, and salivation
Pontine nuclei
Superior to pons
Midbrain
Consists of FOUR colliculi (inferior and superior)
Corpora quadrigemina
(under midbrain) ___ and ___ help regulate body movements
substantia nigra and red nucleus
are the major descending motor pathway
Cerebral peduncles
Consists of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem
Reticular formation
part of the reticular formation, maintains consciousness and regulates sleep-wake cycle
(RAS) Reticular activating system
Gray matter form the cortex and the nuclei of the __
Cerebellum
Three parts of the cerebellum
Flocculonodular lobe, vermis, and the Lateral hemisphere
(under cerebellum) Controls the balance and eye movements
Flocculonodular lobe
(under cerebellum) medial part of the lateral hemisphere control posture, locomotion, and fine motor coordination
Vermis
(under cerebellum) Are involved with the planning, practice, and learning of complex movements
Lateral hemisphere
Located between the brainstem and the cerebrum
Diencephalon
Diencephalon consists of the
Thalamus and the hypothalamus
functions as the integration center. Involved in the emotions and pain perception
Thalamus
Main VISCERAL control center of the body and is vitally important to overall BODY HOMEOSTASIS
Hypothalamus
Cortex of the cerebrum is folded into RIDGES called the ___ and GROOVES called the ____ or ___
Gyri, Sulci or fissures
Divides the cerebrum into left and right hemisphere
Longitudinal fissure
Four lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal
Involved in VOLUNTARY MOTOR FUCTION, motivation, aggression, the sense of smell, and mood
Frontal lobe
contain the MAJOR SENSORY AREAS RECEIVING SENSORY INPUT, such as touch, pain, temperature, balance, and taste
Parietal
contain the VISUAL CENTERS
Occipital lobe
Evaluate SMELL AND HEARING input and are involved in memory, abstract thought, and judgement
Temporal lobes
Important in controlling motor functions
Basal Nuclei
Produced from the blood in the choroid plexus of each ventricle by ependymal cells
CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid
Which of the cranial nerves are sensory, and motor, or both
1 - 2 (sensory), 3 - 4 (motor), 5 (both), 6 (motor), 7 (both), 8 (sensory), 9-10 (both), 11-12 (motor)
