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A&P Lab > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Nervous System?

A

master controlling and communicating system of body

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2
Q

How do cells communicate?

A

via electrical and chemical signals

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3
Q

How fast are the electrical and chemical signals?

A

Rapid and specific
usually cause almost immediate responses

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4
Q

Are the cranial nerves part of the central nervous system?

EXTRA CREDIT

A

No (Peripheral nervous system)

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5
Q

How many overlapping functions are there for the nerves?

A

3

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6
Q

What are the three overlapping nerve functions?

A

Sensory Input
Integration
Motor output

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7
Q

What is sensory Input?

A

information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes

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8
Q

What is Integration?

A

processing and interpretation of sensory input

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9
Q

What is motor output?

A

Activation of effectors produces a response

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10
Q

What is an effector?

A

muscles and glands

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11
Q

How many parts is the nervous system?

A

2

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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?

A

Central and Peripheral Nervous System

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13
Q

What does the Central Nervous System have?

A

brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity

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14
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

integration and control center (interprets sensory input and dictates motor output)

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15
Q

What is #1?

A

cell body

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16
Q

What is #2?

A

Dendrites

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17
Q

What is #3?

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

What is #4?

A

Nucleolus

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19
Q

What is #5?

A

Chromatophilic

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20
Q

What is #6?

A

Axon hillock

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21
Q

What is #7?

A

initial segment of axon

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22
Q

What is #8?

A

impulse direction

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23
Q

What is #9?

A

Axon

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24
Q

What is #10?

A

Schwann cell

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25
Q

What is #11?

A

terminal branches

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26
Q

What is #12?

A

Myelin Sheaths

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27
Q

What is #13?

A

Axon terminals

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28
Q

What is Cephalization?

A

evolutionary development of rostral (anterior) portion of CNS
resulted in increased number of neurons
highest level reached in human brain

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29
Q

How many regions does the adult brain have?

A

4

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30
Q

What are the 4 regions in the adult brain?

A

cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum

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31
Q

What does the brain stem consist of?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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32
Q

What is gray matter?

A

short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies

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33
Q

What is white matter?

A

myelinated and nonmyelinated axons

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34
Q

What is the basic pattern found in CNS?

A

central cavity surrounded by gray matter, with white matter external to gray matter

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35
Q

How many hemispheres are there?

A

2

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36
Q

What are the hemispheres called?

A

cerebrum

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37
Q

What is the frontal lobe “in charge” of?

A

motor control

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38
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Present in one hemisphere (usually the left)

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39
Q

What 2 areas direct muscles of speech production?

A

Motor speech area and Broca’s area

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40
Q

What is the Broca’s area active in?

A

planning speech and voluntary motor skills

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41
Q

What is #1?

A

lateral ventricle

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42
Q

What is #2?

A

Third Ventricle

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43
Q

What is #3?

A

Interventricular foramen

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44
Q

What is #4?

A

Fourth Ventricle

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45
Q

What is #5?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

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46
Q

What is #6?

A

Median aperture

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47
Q

What is #7?

A

Lateral Aperture

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48
Q

What is #1?

A

Lateral ventricle

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49
Q

What is #2?

A

Septum pellucidum

50
Q

What is #3?

A

Interventricular foramen

51
Q

What is #4?

A

Third ventricle

52
Q

What is #5?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

53
Q

What is #6?

A

Lateral aperture

54
Q

What is #7?

A

Central Canal

55
Q

What is #8?

A

Fourth ventricle

56
Q

Where is the auditory area?

A

Temporal lobe

57
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

58
Q

Where is the primary (somatic) motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

59
Q

Where is the motor speech (Borca’s) area?

A

Frontal Lobe

60
Q

Where is the premotor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

61
Q

Where is the visual area?

A

Occipital lobe

62
Q

Where is the gustatory (taste) area?

A

insula

63
Q

Where is the seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning?

A

Frontal lobe

64
Q

Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex?

A. Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body
B. The hemispheres are exactly equal in function
C. The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas
D. No functional area of the cortex works alone

A

B

65
Q

The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?

A

Temporal from parietal

66
Q

Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?

A. Initiating protective reflex actions
B. Inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
C. Controlling starting and stopping movements
D. Playing a role in cognition and emotion

A

A

67
Q

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called

A

Gyri

68
Q

An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the

A

visual association area

69
Q

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the

A

visceral sensory area

70
Q

In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities, math and logic (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

71
Q

What is #1?

A

Corpus Callosum

72
Q

What is #2?

A

Thalamus

73
Q

What is #3?

A

Hypothalamus

74
Q

What is #4?

A

Pons

75
Q

What is #5?

A

Medulla oblongata

76
Q

Neural plasticity is the ability of the brain to change its function by changing its structure (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

True

77
Q

Which of the following is NOT a correctly matched pair?

A. Gray matter : myelinated axons
B. Superficial in the brain: Gray matter
C. Gray matter : Brain nuclei
D. Spinal cord : inner gray matter

A

A

78
Q

Region A represents which of the following?

Prefrontal cortex
Broca’s area
Primary motor cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex
(Brain picture)

A

Prefrontal cortex

79
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the function of region B?
(BRAIN PICTURE)

Region B contains neurons receiving somatosensory input from the thalamus
Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum
Region B coordinates the movement of several muscle groups into complex tasks
Region B is responsible for learning, working memory, judgement, reasoning, persistence, and planning

A

Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum

80
Q

the letter A in the figure indicates which of the following structures?

Cerebral nuclei
Thalamus
Lateral ventricles
Hypothalamus

A

Thalamus

81
Q

What is #1?

A

Precentral gryus

82
Q

What is #2?

A

Central sulcus

83
Q

What is #3?

A

Frontal lobe

84
Q

What is #4?

A

Temporal Lobe

85
Q

What is #5?

A

Postcentral gyrus

86
Q

What is #6?

A

Parietal lobe

87
Q

What is #7?

A

lateral sulcus

88
Q

What is #8?

A

occipital lobe

89
Q

What is #9?

A

cerebellum

90
Q

What is #1?

A

Longitudinal fissure

91
Q

What is #2?

A

Lateral ventricle

92
Q

What is #3?

A

Basal nuclei

93
Q

What is #4?

A

Third ventricle

94
Q

What is #5?

A

Thalamus

95
Q

What is #6?

A

Pons

96
Q

What is #7?

A

Medulla oblongata

97
Q

What is #1?

A

Commissural fibers (corpus callous)

98
Q

What is #2?

A

Association Fibers

99
Q

What is #3?

A

Projection fibers (corona radiata)

100
Q

What is #4?

A

Projection Fibers (internal capsule)

101
Q

What is #5?

A

Gray matter

102
Q

What is #6?

A

decussation (crossover) of pyramids

103
Q

What is #7?

A

white matter

104
Q

After Joe had a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin, but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe’s pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe’s muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that

A

based on the doctor’s obersvations,b none of the listed answers are correct conclusions

105
Q

What is #1?

A

Thalamus

106
Q

What is #2?

A

Pineal gland

107
Q

What is #3?

A

Midbrain

108
Q

What is #4?

A

Cerebellum

109
Q

What is #5?

A

medulla obllongata

110
Q

What is #6?

A

hypothalamus

111
Q

What is #7?

A

pons

112
Q

What is #8?

A

Spinal cord

113
Q

what is #1?

A

Corpus callosum

114
Q

What is #2?

A

choroid plexus

115
Q

What is #3?

A

anterior commissure

116
Q

What is #4?

A

posterior commissure

117
Q

What is #5?

A

pituitary gland

118
Q

What is #6?

A

corpora quadrigemina

119
Q

What is #7?

A

arbor vitae

120
Q

What is #8?

A

cerebral aqueduct

121
Q

important nuclei of the indirect (multi neuronal) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the

A

vestibular nuclei

A&P Lab (6 decks)

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