Nervous System Flashcards
What is the Nervous System?
master controlling and communicating system of body
How do cells communicate?
via electrical and chemical signals
How fast are the electrical and chemical signals?
Rapid and specific
usually cause almost immediate responses
Are the cranial nerves part of the central nervous system?
EXTRA CREDIT
No (Peripheral nervous system)
How many overlapping functions are there for the nerves?
3
What are the three overlapping nerve functions?
Sensory Input
Integration
Motor output
What is sensory Input?
information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes
What is Integration?
processing and interpretation of sensory input
What is motor output?
Activation of effectors produces a response
What is an effector?
muscles and glands
How many parts is the nervous system?
2
What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
What does the Central Nervous System have?
brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity
What is the central nervous system?
integration and control center (interprets sensory input and dictates motor output)
What is #1?
cell body
What is #2?
Dendrites
What is #3?
Nucleus
What is #4?
Nucleolus
What is #5?
Chromatophilic
What is #6?
Axon hillock
What is #7?
initial segment of axon
What is #8?
impulse direction
What is #9?
Axon
What is #10?
Schwann cell
What is #11?
terminal branches
What is #12?
Myelin Sheaths
What is #13?
Axon terminals
What is Cephalization?
evolutionary development of rostral (anterior) portion of CNS
resulted in increased number of neurons
highest level reached in human brain
How many regions does the adult brain have?
4
What are the 4 regions in the adult brain?
cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum
What does the brain stem consist of?
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
What is gray matter?
short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies
What is white matter?
myelinated and nonmyelinated axons
What is the basic pattern found in CNS?
central cavity surrounded by gray matter, with white matter external to gray matter
How many hemispheres are there?
2
What are the hemispheres called?
cerebrum
What is the frontal lobe “in charge” of?
motor control
Where is Broca’s area located?
Present in one hemisphere (usually the left)
What 2 areas direct muscles of speech production?
Motor speech area and Broca’s area
What is the Broca’s area active in?
planning speech and voluntary motor skills
What is #1?
lateral ventricle
What is #2?
Third Ventricle
What is #3?
Interventricular foramen
What is #4?
Fourth Ventricle
What is #5?
Cerebral Aqueduct
What is #6?
Median aperture
What is #7?
Lateral Aperture
What is #1?
Lateral ventricle
What is #2?
Septum pellucidum
What is #3?
Interventricular foramen
What is #4?
Third ventricle
What is #5?
Cerebral aqueduct
What is #6?
Lateral aperture
What is #7?
Central Canal
What is #8?
Fourth ventricle
Where is the auditory area?
Temporal lobe
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex?
Parietal lobe
Where is the primary (somatic) motor cortex?
Frontal lobe
Where is the motor speech (Borca’s) area?
Frontal Lobe
Where is the premotor cortex?
Frontal lobe
Where is the visual area?
Occipital lobe
Where is the gustatory (taste) area?
insula
Where is the seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning?
Frontal lobe
Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex?
A. Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body
B. The hemispheres are exactly equal in function
C. The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas
D. No functional area of the cortex works alone
B
The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?
Temporal from parietal
Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?
A. Initiating protective reflex actions
B. Inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
C. Controlling starting and stopping movements
D. Playing a role in cognition and emotion
A
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called
Gyri
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the
visual association area
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the
visceral sensory area
In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities, math and logic (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
What is #1?
Corpus Callosum
What is #2?
Thalamus
What is #3?
Hypothalamus
What is #4?
Pons
What is #5?
Medulla oblongata
Neural plasticity is the ability of the brain to change its function by changing its structure (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
Which of the following is NOT a correctly matched pair?
A. Gray matter : myelinated axons
B. Superficial in the brain: Gray matter
C. Gray matter : Brain nuclei
D. Spinal cord : inner gray matter
A
Region A represents which of the following?
Prefrontal cortex
Broca’s area
Primary motor cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex
(Brain picture)
Prefrontal cortex
Which of the following is the best description of the function of region B?
(BRAIN PICTURE)
Region B contains neurons receiving somatosensory input from the thalamus
Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum
Region B coordinates the movement of several muscle groups into complex tasks
Region B is responsible for learning, working memory, judgement, reasoning, persistence, and planning
Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum
the letter A in the figure indicates which of the following structures?
Cerebral nuclei
Thalamus
Lateral ventricles
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
What is #1?
Precentral gryus
What is #2?
Central sulcus
What is #3?
Frontal lobe
What is #4?
Temporal Lobe
What is #5?
Postcentral gyrus
What is #6?
Parietal lobe
What is #7?
lateral sulcus
What is #8?
occipital lobe
What is #9?
cerebellum
What is #1?
Longitudinal fissure
What is #2?
Lateral ventricle
What is #3?
Basal nuclei
What is #4?
Third ventricle
What is #5?
Thalamus
What is #6?
Pons
What is #7?
Medulla oblongata
What is #1?
Commissural fibers (corpus callous)
What is #2?
Association Fibers
What is #3?
Projection fibers (corona radiata)
What is #4?
Projection Fibers (internal capsule)
What is #5?
Gray matter
What is #6?
decussation (crossover) of pyramids
What is #7?
white matter
After Joe had a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin, but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe’s pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe’s muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that
based on the doctor’s obersvations,b none of the listed answers are correct conclusions
What is #1?
Thalamus
What is #2?
Pineal gland
What is #3?
Midbrain
What is #4?
Cerebellum
What is #5?
medulla obllongata
What is #6?
hypothalamus
What is #7?
pons
What is #8?
Spinal cord
what is #1?
Corpus callosum
What is #2?
choroid plexus
What is #3?
anterior commissure
What is #4?
posterior commissure
What is #5?
pituitary gland
What is #6?
corpora quadrigemina
What is #7?
arbor vitae
What is #8?
cerebral aqueduct
important nuclei of the indirect (multi neuronal) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the
vestibular nuclei
