Nervous System Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
What is the Nervous System?
A
master controlling and communicating system of body
2
Q
How do cells communicate?
A
via electrical and chemical signals
3
Q
How fast are the electrical and chemical signals?
A
Rapid and specific
usually cause almost immediate responses
4
Q
Are the cranial nerves part of the central nervous system?
EXTRA CREDIT
A
No (Peripheral nervous system)
5
Q
How many overlapping functions are there for the nerves?
A
3
6
Q
What are the three overlapping nerve functions?
A
Sensory Input
Integration
Motor output
7
Q
What is sensory Input?
A
information gathered by sensory receptors about internal and external changes
8
Q
What is Integration?
A
processing and interpretation of sensory input
9
Q
What is motor output?
A
Activation of effectors produces a response
10
Q
What is an effector?
A
muscles and glands
11
Q
How many parts is the nervous system?
A
2
12
Q
What are the 2 parts of the nervous system?
A
Central and Peripheral Nervous System
13
Q
What does the Central Nervous System have?
A
brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity
14
Q
What is the central nervous system?
A
integration and control center (interprets sensory input and dictates motor output)
15
Q
What is #1?
A
cell body
16
Q
What is #2?
A
Dendrites
17
Q
What is #3?
A
Nucleus
18
Q
What is #4?
A
Nucleolus
19
Q
What is #5?
A
Chromatophilic
20
Q
What is #6?
A
Axon hillock
21
Q
What is #7?
A
initial segment of axon
22
Q
What is #8?
A
impulse direction
23
Q
What is #9?
A
Axon
24
Q
What is #10?
A
Schwann cell
25
What is #11?
terminal branches
26
What is #12?
Myelin Sheaths
27
What is #13?
Axon terminals
28
What is Cephalization?
evolutionary development of rostral (anterior) portion of CNS
resulted in increased number of neurons
highest level reached in human brain
29
How many regions does the adult brain have?
4
30
What are the 4 regions in the adult brain?
cerebral hemispheres
diencephalon
brain stem
cerebellum
31
What does the brain stem consist of?
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
32
What is gray matter?
short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies
33
What is white matter?
myelinated and nonmyelinated axons
34
What is the basic pattern found in CNS?
central cavity surrounded by gray matter, with white matter external to gray matter
35
How many hemispheres are there?
2
36
What are the hemispheres called?
cerebrum
37
What is the frontal lobe "in charge" of?
motor control
38
Where is Broca's area located?
Present in one hemisphere (usually the left)
39
What 2 areas direct muscles of speech production?
Motor speech area and Broca's area
40
What is the Broca's area active in?
planning speech and voluntary motor skills
41
What is #1?
lateral ventricle
42
What is #2?
Third Ventricle
43
What is #3?
Interventricular foramen
44
What is #4?
Fourth Ventricle
45
What is #5?
Cerebral Aqueduct
46
What is #6?
Median aperture
47
What is #7?
Lateral Aperture
48
What is #1?
Lateral ventricle
49
What is #2?
Septum pellucidum
50
What is #3?
Interventricular foramen
51
What is #4?
Third ventricle
52
What is #5?
Cerebral aqueduct
53
What is #6?
Lateral aperture
54
What is #7?
Central Canal
55
What is #8?
Fourth ventricle
56
Where is the auditory area?
Temporal lobe
57
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex?
Parietal lobe
58
Where is the primary (somatic) motor cortex?
Frontal lobe
59
Where is the motor speech (Borca's) area?
Frontal Lobe
60
Where is the premotor cortex?
Frontal lobe
61
Where is the visual area?
Occipital lobe
62
Where is the gustatory (taste) area?
insula
63
Where is the seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning?
Frontal lobe
64
Which of the following generalizations does NOT describe the cerebral cortex?
A. Each hemisphere is chiefly concerned with sensory and motor functions of the contralateral side of the body
B. The hemispheres are exactly equal in function
C. The cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas
D. No functional area of the cortex works alone
B
65
The lateral sulcus separates which lobes?
Temporal from parietal
66
Which of the following is NOT a role of the basal nuclei?
A. Initiating protective reflex actions
B. Inhibiting unnecessary or antagonistic movements
C. Controlling starting and stopping movements
D. Playing a role in cognition and emotion
A
67
Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called
Gyri
68
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the
visual association area
69
The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensing a full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the
visceral sensory area
70
In most people, the left cerebral hemisphere has greater control over language abilities, math and logic (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
71
What is #1?
Corpus Callosum
72
What is #2?
Thalamus
73
What is #3?
Hypothalamus
74
What is #4?
Pons
75
What is #5?
Medulla oblongata
76
Neural plasticity is the ability of the brain to change its function by changing its structure (TRUE OR FALSE)
True
77
Which of the following is NOT a correctly matched pair?
A. Gray matter : myelinated axons
B. Superficial in the brain: Gray matter
C. Gray matter : Brain nuclei
D. Spinal cord : inner gray matter
A
78
Region A represents which of the following?
Prefrontal cortex
Broca's area
Primary motor cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex
(Brain picture)
Prefrontal cortex
79
Which of the following is the best description of the function of region B?
(BRAIN PICTURE)
Region B contains neurons receiving somatosensory input from the thalamus
Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum
Region B coordinates the movement of several muscle groups into complex tasks
Region B is responsible for learning, working memory, judgement, reasoning, persistence, and planning
Region B includes neurons whose axons carry motor commands from the cerebrum
80
the letter A in the figure indicates which of the following structures?
Cerebral nuclei
Thalamus
Lateral ventricles
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
81
What is #1?
Precentral gryus
82
What is #2?
Central sulcus
83
What is #3?
Frontal lobe
84
What is #4?
Temporal Lobe
85
What is #5?
Postcentral gyrus
86
What is #6?
Parietal lobe
87
What is #7?
lateral sulcus
88
What is #8?
occipital lobe
89
What is #9?
cerebellum
90
What is #1?
Longitudinal fissure
91
What is #2?
Lateral ventricle
92
What is #3?
Basal nuclei
93
What is #4?
Third ventricle
94
What is #5?
Thalamus
95
What is #6?
Pons
96
What is #7?
Medulla oblongata
97
What is #1?
Commissural fibers (corpus callous)
98
What is #2?
Association Fibers
99
What is #3?
Projection fibers (corona radiata)
100
What is #4?
Projection Fibers (internal capsule)
101
What is #5?
Gray matter
102
What is #6?
decussation (crossover) of pyramids
103
What is #7?
white matter
104
After Joe had a stroke, his doctor asks Joe to touch his right pointer finger to his chin, but Joe is unable to move his right hand. However, when the doctor stimulates Joe's pointer finger with a painful stimulus, Joe's muscles quickly move his hand away from the stimulus. The doctor concludes that
based on the doctor's obersvations,b none of the listed answers are correct conclusions
105
What is #1?
Thalamus
106
What is #2?
Pineal gland
107
What is #3?
Midbrain
108
What is #4?
Cerebellum
109
What is #5?
medulla obllongata
110
What is #6?
hypothalamus
111
What is #7?
pons
112
What is #8?
Spinal cord
113
what is #1?
Corpus callosum
114
What is #2?
choroid plexus
115
What is #3?
anterior commissure
116
What is #4?
posterior commissure
117
What is #5?
pituitary gland
118
What is #6?
corpora quadrigemina
119
What is #7?
arbor vitae
120
What is #8?
cerebral aqueduct
121
important nuclei of the indirect (multi neuronal) system that receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help to maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles are the
vestibular nuclei
