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A&P Lab > Lab exam #3 II > Flashcards

Lab exam #3 II Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are part of the mouth?

A

Vestibule, Oral Cavity, hard palate, soft palate, tongue, salivary glands

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2
Q

What is vestibule?

A

the space between the cheeks and the teeth

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3
Q

What is oral cavity?

A

space bounded by teeth

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4
Q

What is hard palate?

A

anterior roof of the mouth

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5
Q

What is soft palate?

A

posterior roof of the mouth with the uvula, a posterior projectile

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6
Q

What is tongue?

A

the lingual frenulum attaches it, papillae house taste buds

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7
Q

What is salivary glands?

A

3 pairs, all secrete amylase which digest starch parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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8
Q

What is in the Pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx

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9
Q

What is Nasopharynx?

A

with the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

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10
Q

What is Oropharynx?

A

palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

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11
Q

Where is the esophagus?

A

ends at the cardiac sphincter (gastroesophageal junction)

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12
Q

What is the cardiac sphincter?

A

It acts like a valve that ensures unidirectional flow of ingested food

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13
Q

Where is the cardiac sphincter located?

A

it is located at the end of the esophagus and the beginning of the stomach (where the esophagus meets the stomach)

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14
Q

What is the gastroesophageal junction?

A

where your food pipe meets your stomach

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15
Q

What is located in the stomach?

A

cardiac sphincter, pyloric sphincter, lesser curvature, greater curvature, rugae

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16
Q

What are the regions of the stomach?

A

Fundus and body

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17
Q

What is pyloric sphincter?

A

valve between stomach and duodenum

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18
Q

What is duodenum?

A

It is the first part of your small intestines

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19
Q

Where is the duodenum located?

A

between stomach and the middle part of the small intestine (jejunum)

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20
Q

What is jejunum?

A

It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach, absorbs nutrients and water from food so they can be used by the body

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21
Q

What is the lesser curvature?

A

attachment of the lesser omentum

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22
Q

What is the greater curvature?

A

attachment of the greater omentum

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23
Q

What is rugae?

A

folds on the inside surface of the stomach (rolls but on the inside)

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24
Q

What are the three cell types of the stomach?

A

Chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells

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25
Q

What does chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

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26
Q

What does parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl

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27
Q

What does mucous cells secrete?

A

mucous for protection

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28
Q

What is apart of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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29
Q

What is ileum?

A

terminal region, the ileocecal sphincter is a valve between ileum and cecum

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30
Q

What is the ileocecal sphincter?

A

to allow digested food materials to pass from the small intestine into your large intestine

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31
Q

where is ileocecal sphincter located?

A

last portion of your small intestine and right at the start of your large intestine

32
Q

What three structural modifications allow increase nutrient absorption?

A

plicae circulares, villi, microvilli

33
Q

What is plicae circulates?

A

part of the lining of the small intestine, consisting of a series of permanent spiral or circular folds, amplifies the organs surface area which in turn promotes efficient nutrient absorption

34
Q

What is villi?

A

tiny hair-like projections that line the inside of the small intestine

35
Q

What does villi contain?

A

blood vessels

36
Q

What category are plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli apart of?

A

small intestine micro anatomy

37
Q

What is microvilli?

A

finger-like membrane protrusions, supported by the actin cytoskeleton, and found on almost all cell types

38
Q

What is apart of the large intestine?

A

cecum, colon, rectum

39
Q

What is the cecum?

A

A pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine

40
Q

What is the different sections of the colon?

A

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

41
Q

what is the colon?

A

it is the longest part of the large intestine, a tube-like organ connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other

42
Q

What does the colon remove?

A

water and some nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food

43
Q

What does the rectum do?

A

terminates the digested food in the anus

44
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

45
Q

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

A

3

46
Q

What does the liver produce?

A

Bile

47
Q

What does bile breakdown?

A

fats

48
Q

What purpose does the gallbladder serve?

A

storage for bile, bile duct

49
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

produce a range of digestive enzymes and has the pancreatic duct

50
Q

What is part of the urinary system?

A

kidneys, bladder, nephron

51
Q

What is the external anatomy of the kidney?

A

renal capsule, hilus, renal artery and vein, adrenal glands

52
Q

What is the internal anatomy of the kidney?

A

cortex, medulla, renal columns, renal pelvis, renal pyramids, ureters

53
Q

What is part of the urinary bladder?

A

urethra

54
Q

What is part of the nephron?

A

glomerulus, collecting duct, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and loop of henle

55
Q

What is glomerulus?

A

tiny clusters of looping blood vessels that filter

56
Q

What is the collecting duct?

A

It is the last part of the long-testing tube, collects urine from nephron

57
Q

Where does the collecting duct move the urine to?

A

renal pelvis and ureters

58
Q

What is the proximal convoluted tubules?

A

segment of the renal tubule responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and water

59
Q

Where is the proximal convoluted tubules located?

A

renal cortex, outer part of kidney, first segment of the renal tubule

60
Q

What receives the filtration from the renal corpuscle?

A

proximal convoluted tubules

61
Q

What is the distal convoluted tubules?

A

the nephron segment that lies immediately downstream of the macula densa

62
Q

is the distal convoluted tubules short or long?

A

very short

63
Q

What role does distal convoluted tubules play?

A

critical role in sodium, potassium, and divalent cation homeostasis

64
Q

long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds, and mammals is what?

A

Loop of Henle

65
Q

What is the principle function of the Loop of Henle?

A

recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine

66
Q

What is the two parts of the male reproductive system?

A

testes and penis

67
Q

What are the two parts of the testes?

A

seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells

68
Q

What is the order of the duct system in the male reproductive system?

A

epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

69
Q

What are the accessory glands?

A

prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral

70
Q

What are the two parts of the penis?

A

corpora caverns and corpus spongiosum

71
Q

What is part of the female reproductive system?

A

ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, greater vestibular glands

72
Q

What is part of the ovaries?

A

ovarian follicles and corpus luteum

73
Q

What is the order of the female reproductive duct system?

A

fimbriae, fallopian (uterine) tubes

74
Q

How many layers does the uterus have?

A

3

75
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

76
Q

What is the external genitalia?

A

labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, greater vestibular glands

A&P Lab (6 decks)

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