Lab exam #3 II Flashcards
What organs are part of the mouth?
Vestibule, Oral Cavity, hard palate, soft palate, tongue, salivary glands
What is vestibule?
the space between the cheeks and the teeth
What is oral cavity?
space bounded by teeth
What is hard palate?
anterior roof of the mouth
What is soft palate?
posterior roof of the mouth with the uvula, a posterior projectile
What is tongue?
the lingual frenulum attaches it, papillae house taste buds
What is salivary glands?
3 pairs, all secrete amylase which digest starch parotid, submandibular, sublingual
What is in the Pharynx?
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx
What is Nasopharynx?
with the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
What is Oropharynx?
palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
Where is the esophagus?
ends at the cardiac sphincter (gastroesophageal junction)
What is the cardiac sphincter?
It acts like a valve that ensures unidirectional flow of ingested food
Where is the cardiac sphincter located?
it is located at the end of the esophagus and the beginning of the stomach (where the esophagus meets the stomach)
What is the gastroesophageal junction?
where your food pipe meets your stomach
What is located in the stomach?
cardiac sphincter, pyloric sphincter, lesser curvature, greater curvature, rugae
What are the regions of the stomach?
Fundus and body
What is pyloric sphincter?
valve between stomach and duodenum
What is duodenum?
It is the first part of your small intestines
Where is the duodenum located?
between stomach and the middle part of the small intestine (jejunum)
What is jejunum?
It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach, absorbs nutrients and water from food so they can be used by the body
What is the lesser curvature?
attachment of the lesser omentum
What is the greater curvature?
attachment of the greater omentum
What is rugae?
folds on the inside surface of the stomach (rolls but on the inside)
What are the three cell types of the stomach?
Chief cells, parietal cells, mucous cells
What does chief cells secrete?
pepsinogen
What does parietal cells secrete?
HCl
What does mucous cells secrete?
mucous for protection
What is apart of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
What is ileum?
terminal region, the ileocecal sphincter is a valve between ileum and cecum
What is the ileocecal sphincter?
to allow digested food materials to pass from the small intestine into your large intestine
where is ileocecal sphincter located?
last portion of your small intestine and right at the start of your large intestine
What three structural modifications allow increase nutrient absorption?
plicae circulares, villi, microvilli
What is plicae circulates?
part of the lining of the small intestine, consisting of a series of permanent spiral or circular folds, amplifies the organs surface area which in turn promotes efficient nutrient absorption
What is villi?
tiny hair-like projections that line the inside of the small intestine
What does villi contain?
blood vessels
What category are plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli apart of?
small intestine micro anatomy
What is microvilli?
finger-like membrane protrusions, supported by the actin cytoskeleton, and found on almost all cell types
What is apart of the large intestine?
cecum, colon, rectum
What is the cecum?
A pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine
What is the different sections of the colon?
ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
what is the colon?
it is the longest part of the large intestine, a tube-like organ connected to the small intestine at one end and the anus at the other
What does the colon remove?
water and some nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food
What does the rectum do?
terminates the digested food in the anus
What are the accessory digestive organs?
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
How many pairs of salivary glands are there?
3
What does the liver produce?
Bile
What does bile breakdown?
fats
What purpose does the gallbladder serve?
storage for bile, bile duct
What is the function of the pancreas?
produce a range of digestive enzymes and has the pancreatic duct
What is part of the urinary system?
kidneys, bladder, nephron
What is the external anatomy of the kidney?
renal capsule, hilus, renal artery and vein, adrenal glands
What is the internal anatomy of the kidney?
cortex, medulla, renal columns, renal pelvis, renal pyramids, ureters
What is part of the urinary bladder?
urethra
What is part of the nephron?
glomerulus, collecting duct, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and loop of henle
What is glomerulus?
tiny clusters of looping blood vessels that filter
What is the collecting duct?
It is the last part of the long-testing tube, collects urine from nephron
Where does the collecting duct move the urine to?
renal pelvis and ureters
What is the proximal convoluted tubules?
segment of the renal tubule responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and water
Where is the proximal convoluted tubules located?
renal cortex, outer part of kidney, first segment of the renal tubule
What receives the filtration from the renal corpuscle?
proximal convoluted tubules
What is the distal convoluted tubules?
the nephron segment that lies immediately downstream of the macula densa
is the distal convoluted tubules short or long?
very short
What role does distal convoluted tubules play?
critical role in sodium, potassium, and divalent cation homeostasis
long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine within each nephron of the kidney of reptiles, birds, and mammals is what?
Loop of Henle
What is the principle function of the Loop of Henle?
recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine
What is the two parts of the male reproductive system?
testes and penis
What are the two parts of the testes?
seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells
What is the order of the duct system in the male reproductive system?
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
What are the accessory glands?
prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral
What are the two parts of the penis?
corpora caverns and corpus spongiosum
What is part of the female reproductive system?
ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, greater vestibular glands
What is part of the ovaries?
ovarian follicles and corpus luteum
What is the order of the female reproductive duct system?
fimbriae, fallopian (uterine) tubes
How many layers does the uterus have?
3
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium
What is the external genitalia?
labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, greater vestibular glands
