NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
Central Nervous System (CNS) contains:
brain
spinal cord
functional division nervous system
somatic efferent - skin &muscle
visceral efferent - cardiac muscles & smooth muscles
2 system that take care of the bodily activities:
nervous system
endocrine system
involuntary nervous system
autonomic nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) contains
a. Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
b. Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
c. Autonomic nervous system
Functions of nervous system
- Sensory input
- Integration
- Control of muscles and glands
- Mental activity
- Homeostasis
TYPES OF CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neuron
Neuroglia
- for transmission of impulse
- basic unit of nervous system
- Nerve cells
- Require oxygen and
glucose - Receive input, process
input, produce a
response
Neuron
Neuron Structures
Dendrite
Cell body
Axon
receives stimulus from other neurons or sensory receptors
Dendrite
processes stimulus; contains a nucleus
Cell body
transmits stimulus to a gland, muscle, organ, or other neuron
Axon
Types of Neurons
Multipolar
Bipolar
Pseudo-Unipolar
§ many dendrites and a single axon
§ Ex. CNS and most motor neurons
Multipolar
§ two dendrites and a single axon
§ Ex. CNS and most motor neurons
Bipolar
§ one axon and no dendrites
§ Ex. Sensory neurons
Pseudo-Unipolar
§ Supporting cells for neurons
§ More numerous than neurons
§ Can divide to produce more cells
Neuroglia Cells
Types of Neuroglia
Astrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
§ cell that provides nourishment
§ star-shaped
§ most abundant
§ form blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Astrocytes
- support group
- produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Ependymal Cells
- take care for cells that worn out cells
- help remove bacteria and cell debris from CNS
Microglia
- responsible for myelin sheath
- produce myelin sheath in CNS
Oligodendrocytes
produce myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann cells
- an insulator / prevent the passage of nerve impulse.
- fatty, protective wrapping around axons
myelin sheath
- doesn’t contain myelin sheath in axons area
- gaps in myelin sheath where action potentials develop
Nodes of Ranvier
- means jump
- jumping of action potentials
Saltatory conduction
disease of myelin sheath that causes loss of muscle function
Multiple sclerosis
2 types of process
dentrites
axons
- collection of dendrites and cell bodies
- H-shaped central
Gray matter
- myelinated nerve fibers few, if any cell bodies
- collection of axons and their myelin sheath
White matter
contains Oligodendrocytes, Nerve tracts, Nuclei
central nervous system (CNS)
contains Schwann cells, Nerves, Ganglion
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- connection between neurons
- found in autonomic
- where an axon attaches
to a muscle, gland,
organ, or other neuron
involved with release of
neurotransmitters
Synapse ( ganglionic)
receiving cells
post-synaptic
sending cells
pre-synaptic
example of neurotransmitter
neuro epinephrine
first cranial nerves
olfactory nurve
second cranial nerve
optic nervous
sensory of all system except the sense of smell or olfactory
thalamus
sensor of all
cortex
cluster of nerve cell bodies
inside CNS
outside CNF
called nucleus or nuclei
ex. thalamic nuclei
inside CNS
called the ganglion or ganglia
ex. DRG
outside CNS
5 line separator of the brain
central fissure rolando
parito-occipital fissure
lateral selvian fissure
transvers fissure
island of reil or insula fissure
female weight of brain
male weight of brain
1250g
1380g
- approx ______ brain weight
- brain is ______ of your body weight
2%
- buried with in lateral sulcus
- plans / coordinates articulations of speech
insula / island of reil
- crossing nerves fiber
- allows sharing of learning & memory
corpus callusum
primary sensory area
broadman area 312 or BA 312
motor speech area
broca’s area
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