Nervous system

Question 1

Nerves that carry messages to the brain or spinal cord.

Answer 1

Afferent nerves

Question 2

Due to damage of Wernicke’s area. An inability to recognize objects, words, or faces.

Answer 2

Agnosia

Question 3

An area in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere. Implicated in language production.

Answer 3

Broca’s area

Question 3

Due to damage of the Broca’s area. An inability to produce or understand words.

Answer 3

Aphasia

Question 4

A fiber tract that connects Wernicke’s and Broca’s speech areas

Answer 4

Arcuate Fasciculus

Question 5

Consists of left and right hemispheres that sit at the top of the nervous system and engages
in a variety of higher-order functions.

Answer 5

Cerebrum

Question 5

A part of the peripheral nervous system that connects to glands and smooth muscles. Consists
of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Answer 5

Autonomic nervous system

Question 6

The major fissure that divides the frontal and the parietal lobes.

Answer 6

Central sulcus

Question 6

A medial cortical portion of the nervous tissue that is a part of the limbic system.

Answer 6

Cingulate gyrus

Question 7

A nervous system structure behind and below the cerebrum. Controls motor movement
coordination, balance, equilibrium, and muscle tone.

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

A noninvasive brain-scanning procedure that uses X-ray absorption around the head.

Answer 8

Computerized axial tomography

Question 8

The outermost layer of a developing fetus.

Answer 8

Ectoderm

Question 9

Nerves that carry messages from the brain to glands and organs in the periphery.

Answer 9

Efferent nerves

Question 10

A technique that is used to measure gross electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes
on the scalp.

Answer 10

Electroencenphalography

Question 11

A physiological measure of large electrical change in the brain produced by sensory stimulation
or motor responses.

Answer 11

Event related potentials

Question 12

A part of the nervous system that contains the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, and
hypothalamus.

Answer 12

Forebrain

Question 13

(plural form, fornices) A nerve fiber tract that connects the hippocampus to mammillary
bodies.

Answer 13

Fornix

Question 14

The most forward region (close to forehead) of the cerebral hemispheres.

Answer 14

Frontal lobe

Question 15

Composes the bark or the cortex of the cerebrum and consists of the cell bodies of the neurons
(see also white matter).

Answer 15

Gray matter

Question 15

(plural form, gyri) A bulge that is raised between or among fissures of the convoluted brain.

Answer 15

Gyrus

Question 16

(or fMRI) A noninvasive brain-imaging technique that registers changes in blood flow in the
brain during a given task (also see magnetic resonance imaging).

Answer 16

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 16

plural form, hippocampi) A nucleus inside (medial) the temporal lobe implicated in learning
and memory.

Answer 16

Hippocampus

Question 17

A nucleus of the basal ganglia.

Answer 17

Globus pallidus

Question 18

A human ancestor, handy man, that lived two million years ago.

Answer 18

Homo habilis

Question 19

Modern man, the only surviving form of the genus Homo.

Answer 19

Homo sapiens

Question 20

Part of the diencephalon. Regulates biological drives with pituitary gland.

Answer 20

Hypothalamus

Question 21

A method of staining tissue including the brain, using antibodies.

Answer 21

Immunocytochemistry

Question 22

(or LGN) A nucleus in the thalamus that is innervated by the optic nerves and sends signals to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe.

Answer 22

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 23

The major fissure that delineates the temporal lobe below the frontal and the parietal lobes.

Answer 23

Lateral sulcus

Question 24

A surgical method in which a part of the animal brain is removed to study its effects on behavior or function

Answer 24

Lesion studies

Question 25

A loosely defined network of nuclei in the brain involved with learning and emotion.

Answer 25

Limbic system

Question 26

Or MRI is a brain imaging noninvasive technique that uses magnetic energy to generate brain images

Answer 26

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 27

Cortical space projected by an area of sensory input (e.g., mm of cortex per degree of visual field).

Answer 27

Magnification factor

Question 28

An area just above the spinal cord that processes breathing, digestion, heart and blood vessel function, swallowing, and sneezing.

Answer 28

Medulla oblongata

Question 29

A strip of cortex just in front of the central sulcus that is involved with motor control.

Answer 29

Motor strip

Question 30

A set of primordial neurons that migrate outside the neural tube and give rise to sensory and autonomic neurons in the peripheral nervous system.

Answer 30

Neural crest

Question 31

A process that causes the formation of the neural tube.

Answer 31

Neural induction

Question 32

Brain progenitor cells that asymmetrically divide into other neuroblasts or nerve cells.

Answer 32

Neuroblasts

Question 33

The lining of the neural tube.

Answer 33

Neuroepithelium

Question 34

The back part of the cerebrum, which houses the visual areas.

Answer 34

Occipital lobe

Question 35

A division of the autonomic nervous system that is slower than its counterpart—that is, the sympathetic nervous system—and works in opposition to it. Generally engaged in “rest and digest” functions

Answer 35

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 36

An area of the cerebrum just behind the central sulcus that is engaged with somatosensory and gustatory sensation.

Answer 36

Parietal lobe

Question 37

A bridge that connects the cerebral cortex with the medulla, and reciprocally transfers information back and forth between the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 37

Pons

Question 38

An invasive procedure that captures brain images with positron emissions from the brain after the individual has been injected with radio-labeled isotopes.

Answer 38

Positron emission topography

Question 39

A front-back plane used to identify anatomical structures in the body and the brain.

Answer 39

Rostrocaudal

Question 40

part of the peripheral nervous system that uses cranial and spinal nerves in volitional actions.

Answer 40

Somatic nervous system

Question 41

A strip of cerebral tissue just behind the central sulcus engaged in sensory reception of bodily sensations

Answer 41

Somatosensory strip

Question 42

A developmental disease of the spinal cord, where the neural tube does not close caudally.

Answer 42

Spina bifida

Question 43

(plural form, sulci) The crevices or fissures formed by convolutions in the brain.

Answer 43

Sulcus

Question 44

A division of the autonomic nervous system, that is faster than its counterpart that is the parasympathetic nervous system and works in opposition to it. Generally engaged in “fight or flight” functions.

Answer 44

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 45

An area of the cerebrum that lies below the lateral sulcus; it contains auditory and olfactory (smell) projection regions.

Answer 45

Temporal lobe

Question 46

A part of the diencephalon that works as a gateway for incoming and outgoing information.

Answer 46

Thalamus

Question 47

A process in which physical energy converts into neural energy.

Answer 47

Transduction

Question 48

A language area in the temporal lobe where linguistic information is comprehended

Answer 48

Wernicke's area

Question 49

Regions of the nervous system that represent the axons of the nerve cells; whitish in color because of myelination of the nerve cells.

Answer 49

White matter

Question 50

Short transitory memory processed in the hippocampus.

Answer 50

Working memory