Nervous System Flashcards
This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It functions as the orchestrating and regulating centers of the nervous system
Central nervous system (CNS)
It consists of paired olfactory lobes and the cerebral hemispheres
Telencephalon
Centers for association memory
Cerebral hemispheres
This is located between the optic lobes and posterior to the cerebral hemispheres. It functions in balance, vision and spontaneous movement
Diencephalon
Formed by the crossing fibers of the optic nerves
Optic chiasma
This is the midbrain, which is the center for visual coordination
Mesencephalon
The communication of optic ventricles with the third ventricle and fourth ventricle
Aqueduct of Sylvius
This is the brain part that makes up the cerebellum. It functions in equilibrium and coordinated movements
Metencephalon
The medulla oblongata is located in this brain part. It narrows towards the posterior end, forming the spinal cord
Myelencephalon
It is mainly made up of nerves that extend from the brain and the spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
It arises from the anterior end of olfactory lobe and innervates the cells of olfactory sac
Olfactory nerves
Nerve fibers arise from the retina of the eye
Optic nerves
It is a small nerve arising from the ventral side of the midbrain
Oculomotor nerves
It is a small nerve arising from the dorsal side of the brain between the optic lobes and cerebellum
Trochlear nerves
It is the largest of the cranial nerves arising from the sides of the anterior end of the medulla oblongata
Trigeminal nerves
It arises from the ventral side of the medulla oblongata and enters the orbit and goes to the posterior rectus muscle of the eye ball
Abducens nerves
It arises from the antero-lateral side of medulla oblongata posterior to the fifth cranial nerve
Facial nerves
It arises from the anterior side of the medulla and are distributed to the inner ear
Auditory nerves
It arises from the group of roots at the sides of the medulla
Glossopharyngeal nerves
It has the same origin with the ninth cranial nerves. These innervate the shoulder muscles, larynx, esophagus, stomach, lungs and heart
Vagus nerves
A white calcareous body which surrounds the dorsal ganglion
Gland of Swammerdam
Innervates the tongue and hyoid muscles
First spinal nerve
The biggest, receives branches from the first spinal nerve
Second spinal nerve
Innervates the shoulder and forelimbs. This sends a branch to the second nerve and then branch off to the external oblique, transversus and skin
Third spinal nerve
Distributed to the muscles and skin of the body wall
Fourth, fifth and sixth nerves
Form the sciatic plexus, which innervates the hind limbs
Seventh, eight and ninth spinal nerves
Innervates the urinary bladder and cloaca
Tenth spinal nerve
