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Zoology Lab > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

The attachment of the muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the stationary bone, which is usually proximal

A

Origin

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2
Q

The attachment of the other muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the movable bone which is usually distal

A

Insertion

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3
Q

The fleshy portion of the muscle between tendons or aponeuroses of the origin and insertion

A

Belly

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4
Q

The movement of muscles

A

Muscle action

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5
Q

The prime mover. A muscle that causes a desired action; contracting

A

Agonist

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6
Q

A muscle simultaneously relaxing as the agonist is contracting

A

Antagonist

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7
Q

A muscle which serve to steady a movement, thus, preventing unwanted movements and helping the prime mover functions more efficiently

A

Synergist

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8
Q

Parallel

A

Rectus

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9
Q

Transverse

A

Transversus

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10
Q

Attached to the temporal bone

A

Temporalis

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11
Q

Largest

A

Maximus

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12
Q

Smallest

A

Minimus

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13
Q

Long

A

Longus

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14
Q

Short

A

Brevis

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15
Q

Two origins

A

Bicep

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16
Q

Three origins

A

Tricep

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17
Q

Triangular

A

Deltoid

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18
Q

Rhomboid

A

Rhomboideus

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19
Q

Origin: scapula
Insertion: deltoid ridge of the humerus

A

Scapulohumeralis

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20
Q

Bends or flexes a part; decreases the angle at a joint

A

Flexor

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21
Q

Straightens or extends a part; usually increases the angle of a joint

A

Extensor

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22
Q

Moves a bone away from the midline or axis of the body

A

Abductor

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23
Q

Moves a bone closer to the midline

A

Adductor

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24
Q

Produces an upward or superiorly directed movement

A

Levator

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25
Q

Produces a downward or inferiorly directed movement

A

Depressor

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26
Q

Decreases the size of an opening

A

Sphincter

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27
Q

Increases the size of the opening

A

Dilator

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28
Q

Moves a bone around its longitudinal axis

A

Rotator

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29
Q

Rotator that turns a part dorsad or upward

A

Supinator

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30
Q

Rotator that turns a part ventrad or upward

A

Pronator

31
Q

Makes a body part more rigid

A

Tensor

32
Q

A pearly white connective tissue which protect the muscles and bind them together

A

Fascia

33
Q

This is a fibrous connective tissue that wraps the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

34
Q

An invagination of epimysium that divides the muscle into bundles called fasciculi

A

Perimysium

35
Q

An invagination of perimysium that penetrates deep into the interior of each fascicle and separate individual muscle fibers from one another

A

Endomysium

36
Q

A chord of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the periosteum of bone

A

Tendon

37
Q

This is a broad, flat band of tendons that also attaches to coverings of a bone or another muscle

A

Aponeurosis

38
Q

Refers to the temples
Origin: side of the skull
Insertion: posterior end of the lower jaw
Action: elevates the lower jaw and closes the mouth

A

Temporalis

39
Q

Means chewer
Origin: zygomatic process of tympanic bone and quadratojugal bone
Insertion: lower jaw
Action: elevates the lower jaw and closes the mouth

A

Masseter

40
Q

Origin: behind the tympanic ring and the dorsal fascia
Insertion: tip of the mouth and jaw
Action: depresses the lower jaw and opens the mouth

A

Depressor mandibulae

41
Q

Refers to submaxillary
Origin: medial surface of mandible
Insertion: median line of lower jaw
Action: depresses the lower jaw and opens the mouth

A

Mylohyoid

42
Q

Refers to the chin
Origin: tip and border of the lower jaw
Insertion: processes and body of the hyoid
Action: lowers the mandible and elevates the hyoid

A

Geniohyoid

43
Q

Refers to the sternum
Origin: sternum and coracoid
Insertion: ventral surface of the hyoid
Action: lowers the floor of the mouth in breathing

A

Sternohyoid

44
Q

Origin: thyroid process of the hyoid
Insertion: tongue
Action: retracts the tongue

A

Hyoglossus

45
Q

Refers to the chin and tongue
Origin: lower jaw
Insertion: tongue
Action: protracts the tongue

A

Genioglossus

46
Q

Means dorsal part and scapula
Origin: dorsal surface of the suprascapula
Insertion: lateral side of the humerus
Action: extends the arm

A

Dorsalis scapulae

47
Q

Refers to the back
Origin: dorsal fascia
Insertion: lateral border of the humerus
Action: raises the forelimbs in an upward and backward direction

A

Latissimus dorsi

48
Q

Means the longest
Origin: anterior 3rd of the urostyle
Insertion: skull
Action: extends the back and elevates the head

A

Longissimus dorsi

49
Q

Refers to the coccyx and sacrum
Origin: lateral anterior 1/2 of the urostyle
Insertion: arch and transverse process of the 9th vertebra
Action: draws back nearer the urostyle or turns back to one side

A

Coccygeosacralis

50
Q

Refers to the ilium
Origin: lateral side of the urostyle
Insertion: ilium
Action: fixes the urostyle in connection with the pelvic girdle

A

Coccygeoiliacus

51
Q

Towards or nearer the surface; refers to the direction of the fibers diagonally towards the midline
Origin: dorsal fascia and ilium
Insertion: linea alba
Action: supports the abdominal cavity as well as reduces it

A

External oblique

52
Q

Refers to the direction of the fibers perpendicularly towards the midline
Origin: ilium, dorsal fascia and transverse processes of the vertebrae
Insertion: linea alba, sternum and coracoid
Action: constricts the abdomen

A

Transversus/Internal oblique

53
Q

Refers to the fibers perpendicular to the midline and abdomen
Origin: pubis symphysis
Insertion: sternum
Action: supports the abdomen, fixes the sternum in place

A

Rectus abdominis

54
Q

Origin: sternum and fascia of rectus abdominis
Insertion: deltoid ridge of humerus
Action: adducts, flexes and rotates the arm

A

Pectoralis

55
Q

Origin: episternum and omosternum
Insertion: proximal end of radius
Action: flexes the arm

A

Sternoradialis

56
Q

This muscle may be removed with the skin if the latter is located at the ventral pectoral region is pulled downward instead of upward direction
Origin: pectoralis abdominis and anterior third portion of rectus abdominis
Insertion: pectoral region of the skin
Action: draws the skin towards the tail

A

Cutaneous pectoris

57
Q

Origin: scapula
Insertion: deltoid ridges
Action: adducts and protracts the forearm

A

Deltoid/Scapulohumeralis

58
Q

Origin: base of the scapula and shaft of the humerus
Insertion: posterior end of the radioulna
Action: extends the forearm

A

Triceps brachii

59
Q

Means tailor, thus the term refers to the crossed-leg position
Origin: pubis symphysis
Insertion: below the head of the tibia
Action: flexes the shank and adducts the thigh, draws the limb forward

A

Sartorius

60
Q

Means large
Origin: ischial and pubic symphysis
Insertion: distal end of femur
Action: adducts the thigh; draws the same ventrally, adducts the leg

A

Adductor magnus

61
Q

Means 3 heads of origin and refers to the femur
Origin: acetabulum and ilium
Insertion: below the head of tibia and upper end of tibiofibula
Action: abducts the thigh and extends the shank

A

Triceps femoris

62
Q

Means slender; thin
Origin: posterior margin of ischium
Insertion: proximal end of tibiofibula
Action: adducts and extends the thigh, flexes or extends the shank

A

Gracilis major and minor

63
Q

Means two heads of origin
Origin: dorsal side of ilium
Insertion: tibiofibula
Action: flexes the shank, extends the thigh

A

Biceps femoris/Iliofibularis

64
Q

Membrane covering
Origin: dorsal half of the ischium
Insertion: back of the head of tibiofibula
Action: adducts or extends the thigh, flexes or extends the shank

A

Semimembranosus

65
Q

Means buttock
Origin: outer dorsal side of ilium
Insertion: head of femur
Action: rotates the femur forward

A

Gluteus

66
Q

Refers to the ilium
Origin: ilium and pubis
Insertion: middle third of femur
Action: flexes and rotates the thigh

A

Iliacus

67
Q

Means pear and shape
Origin: posterior tip of urostyle
Insertion: proximal end of femur
Action: pulls the urostyle to one side and draws the femur dorsally

A

Pyriformis

68
Q

Refers to the belly and legs
Origin: distal end of femur and triceps femoris
Insertion: tendon of Achilles
Action: extends the ankle and foot, flexes the shank

A

Gastrocnemius

69
Q

Refers to the tibia and back
Origin: posterior surface of the tibiofibula
Insertion: proximal end of tibiale
Action: extends the foot when it is flexed, flexes the foot when it is fully extended

A

Tibialis posticus

70
Q

Means front
Origin: distal end of femur
Insertion: fibulare
Action: flexes the foot, extends the shank

A

Tibialis anticus

71
Q

Means increasing the angle
Origin: distal end of femur
Insertion: tibiofibula
Action: extends the shank

A

Extensor cruris

72
Q

Refers to fibula
Origin: distal end of femur
Insertion: lower end of tibiofibula and head of calcaneum
Action: extends the shank, extends and flexes the foot farther

A

Peroneus

73
Q

Origin: anterior surface of the middle and distal half of tibiofibula
Insertion: proximal end of astragalus and fascia of foot
Action: flexes the foot

A

Flexor tarsi anterior

Zoology Lab (5 decks)

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