Nervous system Flashcards
Supportive cells in the nervous system that provide structural support, insulation, and nutrients to neurons.
Neuroglia
What cells produce myelin sheeths
Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)
How does the action potential work
When a stimulus is received, sodium channels open and Na + ions rush into the neuron. Potassium channels open and K + ions rush.
Ependymal cells
Neuroepithelial multiciliated cells lining the spinal cord and cerebral ventricles in the CNS
Astrocytes
A subtype of glial cells that make up the majority of cells in the human central nervous system in the CNS
Microglia
Cells that reside within the parenchyma of the nervous system, that share many if not all the properties of macrophages in other tissues
satellite cells
Supportive cells that surround and protect neuron cell bodies in ganglia in the PNS
What are the layers of meninges (protection layers)
dura, arachnoid and pia mater
The brain consists of the (4)
Cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem
Where does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) go?
ventricles within the brain, through the central canal of the spinal cord and between the arachnoid and pia maters.
Diencephalon consists of what parts? (4)
Thalamus, hypothalamus, the pituitary glan, pineal glands
The brainstem comprises of what parts? (3)
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
How do the axons go up and down the spin?
The axons of sensory neurons within a spinal nerve enter the spinal cord from the dorsal side, while the axons of motor neurons within a spinal nerve exit the spinal cord from the ventral side.
What does the sympathetic division (SD) control? (3)
Mobilizes body during exercise, excitement, and emergency situations
Vagus nerve
The longest cranial nerve, extending from the brainstem to the abdomen, with branches reaching various organs, including the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. It carries 90% of parasympathetic division (PSD) impulses.
