IMPORTANT Flashcards
Sarcolemma, myolemma, plasmalemma, plasma membrane
Is the double-layered membrane inside the endomysium, the tissue that completely surrounds each fiber and defines the limits of the muscle cell.
Proces of a actine powerstroke
Calcium is required by troponin and tropomyosin to begin contraction. ATP is hydrolyzed into P and ADP on unattached actine. The actine binds myosin. ADP and P release, causing a power stroke. ATP binds and the actine releases.
Layers of skin from out to in.
reticular dermis
Epidermis
papillairy dermis
hypodermis
Epidermis, papillary dermis, reticular dermis, hypodermis
Layers of the epidermis
stratum spinosum
Stratum corneum
stratum basale/germinativum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale/germinativum
Merkel cell
Machanoreceptors that are found in the basal epidermis. They are nerve endings and provide information on mechanical pressure, position, and deep static touch features, such as shapes and edges.
Meissner corpuscles
They consist of a cutaneous (encapsulated) nerve ending responsible for transmitting the sensations of fine, discriminative touch and vibration
Ruffini endings
Detect stretch, deformation within joints, and warmth
Pacinian corpuscles
They consist of a cutaneous (encapsulated) nerve ending responsible for sensing vibrations and detecting fine textures
Internal respiration
During internal respiration oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.
External respiration
External respiration, also known as breathing, involves both bringing air into the lungs (inhalation) and releasing air to the atmosphere (exhalation).
pulmonary capillaries
the smallest blood vessels inside of the lungs, attached to the walls of the alveoli.
Continuous capillaries
Most commonly found in body. his type of capillary is in your skeletal muscles, lungs, heart, nervous system, skin. They are least permeable of the 3
Fenestrated capillaries
This type of capillary is in your kidneys, small intestine and some endocrine glands. This is more permeable than non-fenestrated
Sinusoidal capillaries
These capillaries have even larger gaps and pores. Sinusoidal capillaries are in your liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and some endocrine glands.
accessory organs to digestion tract
Teeth, tongue, and glandular organs such as salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Vasopressin (ADH)
Released by hypothalamus, acts on the posterior pituitary in response to hyperosmolality
Pancreatic islets
Consist of four major endocrine cell types that produce the hormones necessary for maintaining appropriate levels of circulating glucose.
What are gastric secretions and how do they work
The secreted fluid contains:
hydrochloric acid
pepsinogen (into pepsin)
intrinsic factor
bicarbonate
mucus
Gastrin stimulated excretion of these.