NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System:

A

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central Nervous System contains:

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System contains:

A

Nerves and Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two Subdivisions of the PNS:

A

Sensory or Afferent Division
Motor of Efferent Division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts w/ another neuron or an effector organ such as a muscle or gland
πŸž‡

A

Synapse -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

end of the axon having synaptic vesicles filled w/ neurotransmitters such as: acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonine, dopamine, Ξ³- aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, endorphins

A

Presynaptic Terminal –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

πŸž‡ membrane of dendrite

A

Postsynaptic Membrane –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

an involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS

A

Reflex –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

– the neuronal pathway by which a reflex occurs; the basic functional unit of the nervous system because it is the smallest, simplest pathway capable of receiving a stimulus and yielding a response.

A

πŸž‡ Reflex Arc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

extends from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to the 2nd lumbar vertebra; 31 pairs of spinal nerves communicate bet. spinal cord & body

A

Spinal Cord –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

– inferior end resembling horsetail

A

πŸž‡ Cauda Equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

πŸž‡ White Matter has 3 Columns:

A

dorsal, ventral, lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

πŸž‡ White Matter has 3 Columns:

A

dorsal, ventral, lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

simplest; muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them; example is the Knee-jerk Reflex/Patellar Reflex w/c determines if the higher CNS centers are functional

A

Stretch Reflex –

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

– functions to remove a limb or other body part from a painful stimulus

A

πŸž‡ Withdrawal Reflex/Flexor Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

– where nerves come together and separate

A

Plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

– C1-C4; w/ phrenic
nerve= innervates the diaphragm

A

πŸž‡ Cervical Plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

– C5-T1; axillary nerve, radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, ulnar nerve, median nerve

A

πŸž‡ Brachial Plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

– L1-S4; obturator nerve, femoral nerve, tibial nerve + common fibular nerve= sciatic nerve

A

πŸž‡ Lumbosacral Plexus

20
Q

– connects the spinal cord to the remainder of the brain; contains several nuclei involved in control of heart rate, blood pressure, breathing; damage to its small areas can cause death

21
Q

– most inferior portion & continues w/ the spinal cord
- functions for regulation of heart rate & blood vessel diameter, breathing,

A

Medulla Oblongata

22
Q

– means β€œbridge” resembling an arched footbridge connecting the cerebrum to the cerbellum thus relaying info bet. them; immediately superior to medulla oblongata
-functions for breathing, swallowing, balance, chewing, salivation

23
Q

– superior to pons; smallest in the brainstem

24
Q

– scattered throughout the brainstem; major component of the reticular activating system
-functions in regulating cyclical motor functions such as respiration, chewing, walking, arousing & maintaining consciousness, regulating sleep-wake cycle

A

Reticular Formation

25
– between the brainstem & cerebrum
Diencephalon
26
– largest part; shaped like yo-yo; influence mood; registers unlocalized, uncomfortable perception of pain
.Thalamus
27
– superior & posterior to thalamus; involved in emotional & visceral response to odors & pineal body that influence onset of puberty; control long-term cycle
Epithalamus
28
– β€œlittle brain”; attached by cerebellar peduncles to brainstem - involved in balance, maintenance of muscle tone, coordination of fine motor movement; comparator resulting in smooth & coordinated movements; learning motor skills like riding a bike or playing the piano
Cerebellum
29
– largest part of brain longitudinal fissure – divides cerebrum into left & right hemisphere
Cerebrum
30
– numerous folds on the surface of each hemisphere, increase the surface area of cortex
gyri
31
– intervening grooves
sulci
32
– control voluntary motor functions, motivation, aggression, mood, olfactory reception
Frontal lobe
33
M...
Parietal lobe
34
– receives sensory input from & controls muscular activity in the left half of the body; involved in three dimensional or spatial perception & musical ability
Right Cerebral Hemisphere
35
– connection bet two hemispheres e.g. corpus callosum (largest)
πŸž‡ Commisures
36
receives input from & controls muscles in the right half of the body; more analytical w/ emphasis in math & speech
πŸž‡ Left Cerebral Hemisphere –
37
– major cortical areas involved in speech; damage result to aphasia-absent of defective speech or language comprehension
Sensory speech area (Wernicke’s area) in the parietal lobe & motor speech area (Broca’s area) in inferior portion of frontal lobe
38
– series of neurons involved in long-term retention of a given piece of info, thought or idea; requires rehearsal of info for transfer from ....
πŸž‡ Memory engrams or memory traces
39
– muscle tone, skilled movements of hands – muscle tone, movement of trunk muscle – movement coordination – posture adjustment during movement – posture, balance
πŸž‡ Lateral Corticospinal πŸž‡ Anterior Corticospinal πŸž‡ Rubrospinal πŸž‡ Reticulospinal πŸž‡ Vestibulospinal
40
– pathways that transmit action potentials from periphery to various brain parts – for pain, temp, light touch, pressure, tickle, itch sensation – proprioception, touch, deep pressure, vibration – body position (proprioception) to cerebellum
Ascending Tracts πŸž‡ Spinothalamic Tract πŸž‡ Dorsal Column πŸž‡ Spinocerebellar
41
– group of functionally related nuclei; important in planning, organizing, coordinating motor movements & posture - example are the corpus striatum & substantia nigra - basal nuclei disorders feature β€˜resting tremor’ or slight shaking of hands when a person is not performing a task; Parkinson’s disease; cerebral palsy; difficulty in rising from a sitting position and initiating a walk
Basal Nuclei
42
connective tissue membranes surrounding and protecting the brain & spinal cord
Meninges –
43
– bet the dura mater & periosteum of the vertebrae
epidural space
44
– β€œtough mother” subdural space – between dura mater & arachnoid w/ serous fluid
Dura mater
45
β€œfight-or-flight” division; prepares the body for physical activity; prepares the person to face a threat or leave as quickly as possible πŸž‡ Increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates respiratory passageways, stimulates perspiration
Sympathetic division
46
πŸž‡ β€œrest or repose” division πŸž‡ Stimulates vegetative activities such as digestion, defecation, urination πŸž‡ Slows down the heart rate and respiration πŸž‡ Causes the pupils of the eye to constrict and lens to thicken
Parasympathetic Division
47
πŸž‡ Capable of monitoring & controlling the digestive tract independently of the CNS.
πŸž‡ Enteric Nervous System