EXCRETORY SYSTEM Flashcards
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
•Kidneys
•Ureters
•Urinary bladder
•Urethra
INFO
Producing 1mL of urine
Around 300mL sensation of a full bladder.—> 5hrs
Around 700-800mL maximum capacity of bladder —> 13hrs
Bean shaped; pair ; tightly cleanched fist.
• Major excretory organs of the body by removing waste products, mostly toxics.
Kidneys
It is a metabolic by-products of cells and substances absorbed from the intestine.
Waste Products
FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM:
Excretion or elimination of waste regulation of blood volume and pressure
Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the body
Regulation of extracellular fluid PH Regulation of RBC synthesis
Vitamin d synthesis.
Kidneys control the extracellular fluid volume in the body by producing either a large volume of dilute urine or small volume of concentrated urine.
Regulation of Blood Volume & Pressure
Kidneys help regulate the concentration of the major molecules and ions such as glucose, sodium chlorine, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, hydrogen phosphate.
Regulation of the Concentration of Solutes in the Body
Kidneys excrete variable amounts of hydrogen to help regulate extracellular fluid ph.
Regulation of extracellular fluid ph
Kidneys secrete a hormone specifically erythropoietin which regulates the synthesis of rbc in bone marrow.
Regulation of rbc synthesis
Kidneys play an important role in controlling blood levels of calcium by regulating the synthesis of vitamin d.
Regulation of vitamin d synthesis
Kidneys are located in the (blank) with the right kidney just below the (blank) and left kidney below the (blank)
Abdominal cavity
Liver
Spleen
It is a partition or dividing digestive organ from the rest of the part where the kidneys are.
Parietal peritoneum
Lie behind the parietal peritoneum
Retroperitoneal organs
The kidneys are located behind the (blank). fat surrounds each kidney the renal arteries extend from the abdominal aorta to each kidney and the renal veins extend from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.
Parietal peritoneum
It is a connective tissue surrounding each kidneys
Renal Capsule
Medial side where renal artery and nerves enter and were renal vein, ureter, lymphatic vessels exit
Hilum
Cavity where hilum opens into and contains blood vessels, part c the system for collecting urine and adipose tissue.
Renal Sinus
Surrounds the renal sinus
Outer cortex and Inner Medulla
It is cone shape and located at the boundary between cortex and medulla.
Renal pyramids
Funnel-shaped that surrounds the tip of each renal pyramids
Calyx
Largest funnel form from calyces.
Renal Pelvis
A small tube formed from the narrowing of renal pelvis that exits the kidney and connects to urinary bladder.
Ureter
Functional Unit of Kidney
Millions of it inside each kidney.
To produce urine
Nephron
Nephron composed of:
Renal Corpuscle (Bowman’s capsule & glomerulus), Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted Tubule
The renal corpuscle consists of (blank) and the (blank).
Bowman’s capsule
is the enlarged end of a nephron, which is indented to form a double-walled chamber. It surrounds the glomerulus, which is a network of capillaries. Blood flows from the afferent arteriole into the glomerulus and leaves the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole.
Bowman’s capsule
is a network of capillaries.
glomerulus
the movement of water, ions, and small molecules through the
filtration membrane into Bowman’s capsule; the portion of the plasma entering the nephron is the filtrate
Filtration
the movement of substances from the filtrate across the wall of the nephron back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries; about 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed, only 1% of filtrate becomes urine
Tubular reabsorption
the transport of substances, usually waste products, from the intestinal fluid across the wall of the nephron into the filtrate
Tubular secretion
consist of substances (95% water, urea, uric acid, electrolytes) that are filtered and secreted from the peritubular capillaries into the nephron, minus those substances that are reabsorbed
Urine
secreted by
posterior pituitary gland
- regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the distal tubules and collecting ducts
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall; made possible by the external urinary sphincter
Micturition reflex
– bladder capacity
1000ml urine
