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BIOLOGY LASTTTTT > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

breakdown of food into smaller, usable form

A

Digestion

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2
Q

Process of digestion

A

ingestion
🞇 peristalsis
🞇 digestion
🞇 absorption
🞇 defecation

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3
Q

2 types of digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical digestion

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4
Q

Ingested food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by chewing or mastication and peristalsis

A

Mechanical Digestion

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5
Q

Food is acted upon by catalytic enzymes to be broken down into its absorbable forms

A

Chemical Digestion

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6
Q

🞇mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

A

🞇Digestive tract

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7
Q

Food may not necessarily pass through them but participate or assist process of digestion.
It includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

A

🞇Accessory organs

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8
Q

•Taste

🞇 Mechanical
breakdown of food

🞇 Chemical digestion of
carbohydrates

🞇 Ptyalin or
salivary amylase in saliva secreted by 3 pairs of salivary glands

A

Mouth/oral cavity/ buccal cavity

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9
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands:

A

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands.

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10
Q

Saliva contains how much H2O?

A

99.5% H2O

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11
Q

Lubricates food and begins digestion.

A

Saliva

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12
Q

Info

A

There’s no enzymes that can enzymatically acts on proteins and fats.

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13
Q

Savourful of flavorful

A

UMAMI

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14
Q

Begin digestion of carbohydrates while in the mouth.
Enzymes act on food while food is in the mouth.

A

Ptyalin and Amylase

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15
Q

Act on specific substrates

A

Enzymes

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16
Q

•Seals the food in the mouth while masticating or chewing.
•Prevents food from coming out.

A

Lips

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17
Q

Common passageway for food and air

🞇 Function – where swallowing begins

A

Pharynx ( throat)

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18
Q

Swallowed food

A

Vulus

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19
Q

25 cm or 10 in long.
It is made up of several layers called the secret mucus
Transport food through peristalsis.

A

Esophagus

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20
Q

smooth muscle contractions
propel food thru a
sphincter
(Upper Esophageal Sphincter & Lower Esophageal Sphincter)

A

Peristalsis

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21
Q

It is made up of pair of muscles, one of the muscles works to constrict or close and other muscle work to dilate or open.

A

Sphincter

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22
Q

🞇 Mixes & stores ingested
food with HCl into chyme

🞇 chemical and mechanical breakdown of food

🞇 Secretes hydrochloric acid & digestive juices that break down proteins and fats and may kill bacteria

🞇 Peristalsis - mechanical digestion begins.

• begin while in the (blank)- chemical

A

Stomach

23
Q

Folds in stomach called

A

Rugae

24
Q

Food turns semi solid consistency.
It is sour because of hydrochloric acid.

A

Vomitus

25
Q

It is the final digestion and absorption of nutrients.
It is where most enzymatic hydrolysis or macromolecules from food occurs and absorption of digested food by its villi.
- absorption follows after digestion.
- involves chemical and mechanical

A

Small Intestines

26
Q

Finger like projections

A

Villi

27
Q

Info

A

From lumen absorb really bought by blood to capillaries.

28
Q

6 meters long ( small diameter longer in length)

A

Small intestine

29
Q

6m divided into 3 parts:

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

30
Q

25cm/ 10 in. (Shortest)
Complete digestion of food by enzymes.

A

Duodenum

31
Q

8ft.
Absorb H2O and products of digestions into bloodstream.

A

Jejunum

32
Q

12ft( longest)
Absorption of end products with villi and microvilli.
Arranged tightly in coiled manner.

A

Ileum

33
Q

Larger diameter, shorter length(1m long).
Concentrates & stores undigested matter by absorbing Na, Vit K & water
🞇 Doesn’t have villi
nor coils
🞇 Many bacteria live, thrive & process undigested material into feces

🞇 Cecum – pouch-like
area
🞇 Colon - ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid;
w/ haustrae = pouches

A

Large intestine

34
Q

Pouch like area

A

Cecum

35
Q

3 parts of colon:
It is with hustrae= pouches

A

Ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid

36
Q

Sequence of digestive system

A

Mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ilium
secum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

37
Q

short extension of the large intestine
🞇 Final segment of
the DT
🞇 Where compacted undigested food from the colon are pushed via peristalsis
🞇 Distention triggers expulsion of feces

A

Rectum

38
Q

terminal opening of the digestive system thru which feces are expelled

🞇 controlled by internal and external sphincters

A

Anus

39
Q

It is below the stomach functions enzymatic function and endocrine function.

A

Pancreas

40
Q

In pancreas we have the enzymatic function which is the (blank)
Its secrete digestive enzymes that break down all major food molecules.

A

ACINI

41
Q

In pancreas we have what we call the endocrine process or function it is called (blank)
It secrete insulin and glucagon that control glucose metabolism.

A

Islets of Langerhans/ Pancreatic Islets

42
Q

(blank)produces bile salts that emulsify fats and bile is stored (blank)

A

Liver and Gallbladder

43
Q

It helps emulsify fats

A

Bile salts

44
Q

Largest gland of the body

A

Liver

45
Q

4 lobes of Liver:

A

right, left,
quadrate, caudate

46
Q

– basic structural component

A

🞇 Hepatocyte

47
Q

– for blood circulation

A

🞇 Hepatic vein

48
Q

– carries nutrients, chemicals, drugs, etc in the blood absorbed by the intestines into the liver

A

🞇 Portal vein

49
Q

Neutralizes & eliminates toxins in the blood
thru portal vein
🞇 Stores vitamins, iron and glucose
🞇 Synthesizes proteins like albumin & fibrinogen
🞇 Converts highly toxic ammonia (accumulates
from breakdown of proteins) into urea
🞇 Produces bile that contains cholesterol, bile acids, bilirubin which aids in lipid digestion which is stored in the gallbladder

A

Functions of the Liver

50
Q

Neutralizes & eliminates toxins in the blood
thru

A

portal vein

51
Q

ANATOMY OF GALLBLADDER

A

Hepatobiliary tree: Canaliculi from Liver form bile ducts or
intrahepatic ducts drain to R & L hepatic ducts merge to form common hepatic duct.
Gallbladder’s cystic duct & CHD form common bile duct. CBD & pancreatic duct/duct of wirsung form ampulla of vater that drains into duodenum

52
Q

Endocrine; Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin & glucagon

🞇 Exocrine: acinar glands secrete digestive enzymes like trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase into duodenum by the pancretic duct and ampulla of vater

A

PANCREAS FUNCTION

53
Q

acinar glands secrete digestive enzymes like trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase into duodenum by the pancretic duct and ampulla of vater

A

Exocrine:

54
Q

Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin & glucagon

A

Endocrine;

BIOLOGY LASTTTTT (3 decks)

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