DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

breakdown of food into smaller, usable form

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

Process of digestion

Answer 2

ingestion
🞇 peristalsis
🞇 digestion
🞇 absorption
🞇 defecation

Question 3

2 types of digestion

Answer 3

Mechanical and chemical digestion

Question 4

Ingested food is physically broken down into smaller pieces by chewing or mastication and peristalsis

Answer 4

Mechanical Digestion

Question 5

Food is acted upon by catalytic enzymes to be broken down into its absorbable forms

Answer 5

Chemical Digestion

Question 6

🞇mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Answer 6

🞇Digestive tract

Question 7

Food may not necessarily pass through them but participate or assist process of digestion.
It includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Answer 7

🞇Accessory organs

Question 8

•Taste

🞇 Mechanical
breakdown of food

🞇 Chemical digestion of
carbohydrates

🞇 Ptyalin or
salivary amylase in saliva secreted by 3 pairs of salivary glands

Answer 8

Mouth/oral cavity/ buccal cavity

Question 9

3 pairs of salivary glands:

Answer 9

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular glands.

Question 10

Saliva contains how much H2O?

Answer 10

99.5% H2O

Question 11

Lubricates food and begins digestion.

Answer 11

Saliva

Question 12

Info

Answer 12

There’s no enzymes that can enzymatically acts on proteins and fats.

Question 13

Savourful of flavorful

Answer 13

UMAMI

Question 14

Begin digestion of carbohydrates while in the mouth.
Enzymes act on food while food is in the mouth.

Answer 14

Ptyalin and Amylase

Question 15

Act on specific substrates

Answer 15

Enzymes

Question 16

•Seals the food in the mouth while masticating or chewing.
•Prevents food from coming out.

Answer 16

Lips

Question 17

Common passageway for food and air

🞇 Function – where swallowing begins

Answer 17

Pharynx ( throat)

Question 18

Swallowed food

Answer 18

Vulus

Question 19

25 cm or 10 in long.
It is made up of several layers called the secret mucus
Transport food through peristalsis.

Answer 19

Esophagus

Question 20

smooth muscle contractions
propel food thru a
sphincter
(Upper Esophageal Sphincter & Lower Esophageal Sphincter)

Answer 20

Peristalsis

Question 21

It is made up of pair of muscles, one of the muscles works to constrict or close and other muscle work to dilate or open.

Answer 21

Sphincter

Question 22

🞇 Mixes & stores ingested
food with HCl into chyme

🞇 chemical and mechanical breakdown of food

🞇 Secretes hydrochloric acid & digestive juices that break down proteins and fats and may kill bacteria

🞇 Peristalsis - mechanical digestion begins.

• begin while in the (blank)- chemical

Answer 22

Stomach

Question 23

Folds in stomach called

Answer 23

Rugae

Question 24

Food turns semi solid consistency.
It is sour because of hydrochloric acid.

Answer 24

Vomitus

Question 25

It is the final digestion and absorption of nutrients. It is where most enzymatic hydrolysis or macromolecules from food occurs and absorption of digested food by its villi. - absorption follows after digestion. - involves chemical and mechanical

Answer 25

Small Intestines

Question 26

Finger like projections

Answer 26

Villi

Question 27

Info

Answer 27

From lumen absorb really bought by blood to capillaries.

Question 28

6 meters long ( small diameter longer in length)

Answer 28

Small intestine

Question 29

6m divided into 3 parts:

Answer 29

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 30

25cm/ 10 in. (Shortest) Complete digestion of food by enzymes.

Answer 30

Duodenum

Question 31

8ft. Absorb H2O and products of digestions into bloodstream.

Answer 31

Jejunum

Question 32

12ft( longest) Absorption of end products with villi and microvilli. Arranged tightly in coiled manner.

Answer 32

Ileum

Question 33

Larger diameter, shorter length(1m long). Concentrates & stores undigested matter by absorbing Na, Vit K & water 🞇 Doesn’t have villi nor coils 🞇 Many bacteria live, thrive & process undigested material into feces 🞇 Cecum – pouch-like area 🞇 Colon - ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid; w/ haustrae = pouches

Answer 33

Large intestine

Question 34

Pouch like area

Answer 34

Cecum

Question 35

3 parts of colon: It is with hustrae= pouches

Answer 35

Ascending transverse descending sigmoid

Question 36

Sequence of digestive system

Answer 36

Mouth pharynx esophagus stomach duodenum jejunum ilium secum ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal anus

Question 37

short extension of the large intestine 🞇 Final segment of the DT 🞇 Where compacted undigested food from the colon are pushed via peristalsis 🞇 Distention triggers expulsion of feces

Answer 37

Rectum

Question 38

terminal opening of the digestive system thru which feces are expelled 🞇 controlled by internal and external sphincters

Answer 38

Anus

Question 39

It is below the stomach functions enzymatic function and endocrine function.

Answer 39

Pancreas

Question 40

In pancreas we have the enzymatic function which is the (blank) Its secrete digestive enzymes that break down all major food molecules.

Answer 40

ACINI

Question 41

In pancreas we have what we call the endocrine process or function it is called (blank) It secrete insulin and glucagon that control glucose metabolism.

Answer 41

Islets of Langerhans/ Pancreatic Islets

Question 42

(blank)produces bile salts that emulsify fats and bile is stored (blank)

Answer 42

Liver and Gallbladder

Question 43

It helps emulsify fats

Answer 43

Bile salts

Question 44

Largest gland of the body

Answer 44

Liver

Question 45

4 lobes of Liver:

Answer 45

right, left, quadrate, caudate

Question 46

– basic structural component

Answer 46

🞇 Hepatocyte

Question 47

– for blood circulation

Answer 47

🞇 Hepatic vein

Question 48

– carries nutrients, chemicals, drugs, etc in the blood absorbed by the intestines into the liver

Answer 48

🞇 Portal vein

Question 49

Neutralizes & eliminates toxins in the blood thru portal vein 🞇 Stores vitamins, iron and glucose 🞇 Synthesizes proteins like albumin & fibrinogen 🞇 Converts highly toxic ammonia (accumulates from breakdown of proteins) into urea 🞇 Produces bile that contains cholesterol, bile acids, bilirubin which aids in lipid digestion which is stored in the gallbladder

Answer 49

Functions of the Liver

Question 50

Neutralizes & eliminates toxins in the blood thru

Answer 50

portal vein

Question 51

ANATOMY OF GALLBLADDER

Answer 51

Hepatobiliary tree: Canaliculi from Liver form bile ducts or intrahepatic ducts drain to R & L hepatic ducts merge to form common hepatic duct. Gallbladder’s cystic duct & CHD form common bile duct. CBD & pancreatic duct/duct of wirsung form ampulla of vater that drains into duodenum

Question 52

Endocrine; Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin & glucagon 🞇 Exocrine: acinar glands secrete digestive enzymes like trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase into duodenum by the pancretic duct and ampulla of vater

Answer 52

PANCREAS FUNCTION

Question 53

acinar glands secrete digestive enzymes like trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase into duodenum by the pancretic duct and ampulla of vater

Answer 53

Exocrine:

Question 54

Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin & glucagon

Answer 54

Endocrine;