Nervous system

Question 1

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 1

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 2

What is the function of the brainstem?

Answer 2

Controls involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, swallowing, movement

Question 3

What are the main functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 3

Regulating motor control and balance, and motor learning.
Cognitive functions such as language and memory also.

Question 4

Name and describe the 3 meningeal layers

Answer 4

Pia mater – delicate inner layer
Arachnoid – web structure filled with fluid to cushion the brain
Dura mater – tough outer layer

Question 5

What is cerebrospinal fluids function and where is it produced?

Answer 5

The cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the brain’s ventricles and around the surface and spinal cord, to wash out impurities, transfer nutrients and provide protective cushioning.
It is produced by the choroid plexus located in the walls of ventricles.

Question 6

Difference between central and peripheral nervous systems?

Answer 6

CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - cranial nerves and spinal nerves

The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body and transmits info between the CNS and the body’s tissues

PNS is made up of the autonomic and somatic nervous system

Autonomic is made up of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisons

Question 7

Difference between autonomic and somatic nervous systems?

Answer 7

Autonomic regulates involuntary body responses
Somatic is voluntary movement by skeletal muscles

Question 8

What are afferent and efferent neurons?

Answer 8

Afferent neurons carry info from sensory receptors towards the CNS
Efferent neurons carry motor info from brain to the PNS

Question 9

What is the monro-kelley hypothesis?

Answer 9

Intracranial pressure is maintained by maintaining the same amount of volume inside the skull, by levelling blood, brain tissue and CSF.
Eg if the brain swells, blood is pushed out of the skull to allow more room without damaging the brain.