Nervous System Flashcards
Neuroglia that fight infections in the CNS
Microglia
Neuroglia that make up the myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes
The pathway a nerve impulse travels after leaving the cell body of a neutron
Axon
Create a supportive framework for neurons
Neuroglia
Neuroglia in the PNS that support cell bodies
Satellite cells
Neurons with many processes; most of your neurons are this type
Multipolar neurons
Neuroglia that maintain cerebrospinal fluid
Ependymal cells
Allows the nerve impulse to jump, moving more quickly
Nodes of Ranvier
Involuntary muscle control
Autonomic Nervous system
Neurons with 1 process
Unipolar Neurons
Neurons with 2 processes
Bipolar Neurons
Voluntary muscle control
Somatic nervous system
Send impulses away from the CNS
Efferent Nerves
Part of the neuron that receives the nerve impulse from senses
Dendrites
Send impulses towards the CNS
Afferent nerves
All nerves other than the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Made up of the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
Neuroglia in the PNS that produce myelin sheaths
Schwann cells
Neuroglia that wrap around capillaries
Astrocytes
Electrical signal that travels along the neuron
Nerve Impulse/action potential
A Neurons resting intracellular space
Negatively charged
Sodium rushes into the neuron and quickly reverses
Depolarization
Potassium diffusing out of the Neuron
Repolarization
Restores ion concentrations to Normal (refractory period)
Sodium Potassium pump
Impulse stimulates these to release neurotransmitters into synapse
Vesicles
3 layers of connective tissue that protect the CNS
Meninges
Thick, tough layer of meninges
Dura Mater
Thin, cobweb-like layer
Arachnoid Membrane
Thin layer with lots of blood vessels
Pia Mater
Surface layer of layers around the brain
Skin
Second layer which is surrounding bone
Periosteum
Third layer (hard material)
Bone
Fourth layer that is thick and tough- meninge
Dura Mater
Fifth layer- cobweb like meninge
Arachnoid Layer
Sixth layer with lots of blood vessels, clings onto the brain
Pia Mater
Between Arachnoid and Pia Mater layers
Cerebrospinal Fluid
How does CSF Protect the brain
Prevents it from contacting the skull
What does CSF maintain
Blood Brain Barrier
What does the Blood Brain Barrier do
Maintains homeostasis and prevents infection
Where is CSF produced
Ventricles
What secretes the CSF
Choroid Plexus
Reabsorbes CSF
Arachnoid Granulations
Connects lateral and Third ventricle
Foramen of Monro
Cerebrum is divides into 2 hemispheres- right and left divides by
corpus callosum
Superficial layer of the brain- Gray matter
Cerebral Cortex
Middle- second layer of the brain- White matter
Cerebral Medulla
Islands of Gray matter- deepest layer
Basal Nuclei
Lobe controlling voluntary movements, reasoning, decision making, communication, and memory
Frontal Lobe
Sensations, visual spatial processing, body position
parietal
