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Psychology 110 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of hierarchies in the NS

A

Sensory-Perceptual and Motor Control

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2
Q

Sensory-Perceptual Heirarchy

A

Involved in Data Processing. Get info and determine what to do with it

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3
Q

Motor control hierarchy

A

involved in control of movement

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4
Q

Depolarization

A

When Na+ has entered the soma and can no longer come in, K+ ions are now leaving. DP causes AP to move along axon

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5
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Occurs when an AP is inhibited, makes it hard for AP to occur

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6
Q

Electroencephalogram

A

hooking electrodes onto the brain to study it

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7
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

using magnetic stimulation to cause inhibit brain function

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve

A

Project Directly from the brain

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9
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

Project from the spinal cord.

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10
Q

Somatosensory

A

Sensations that are conveyed via input, which include touch and pain

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11
Q

How are all behaviors expressed/expressed

A

Via motor neurons

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12
Q

Classes of the motor system

A

Skeletal and Autonomic

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13
Q

Skeletal motor system

A

we can control these. Nurons act on skeletal muscles

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14
Q

Autonomic

A

The systems that make up the autonomic system oppose each other. You do not control it

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15
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight

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16
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and Regeneration (encourage digestion and sleep)

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17
Q

Function of Spinal Cord

A

Connects spinal nerves to the brain and organizes simple reflexes.

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18
Q

Ascending Spinal Tracts

A

Spinal nerves to the brain

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19
Q

Descending Spinal tracts

A

carry motor neuron commands down from the brain to the muscles

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20
Q

The parts of the brainstem

A

Medulla, Pons, Midbrain

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21
Q

Brainstem

A

It is the site of entry of spinal nerve and most cranial nerves. It’s for balance and vital reflexes (breathing), walking, copulating. Like a machine

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22
Q

Thalamus

A

Important for arousal of the brain. Relay station for the brain

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23
Q

Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

A

Damage to both greatly interfere with a person’s ability to produce learned, skilled, well-coordinated movements.

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24
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

controls accuracy of muscle movement

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25
Q

Cerebellum

A

Good for ballistic movement (like playing instrument). Too fast for feedback

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26
Q

Limbic System

A

Basic drives and emotions. Consists of amygdala, hyppocampus, hypothalamus

27
Q

Hypocampus

A

Crucial for keeping track of spatial location and for endcoding certain kinds of memories

28
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Good for homeostasis within the body. It regulates the internal environment of the body.

29
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Lots of surface area because of the folds, made up of four areas. Occipital, temporal, parietal, frontal

30
Q

Three functional regions of the cortex

A

Primary sensory areas, primary motor (send signals away), association areas (for perception, judgement, decision making).

31
Q

Proportional Organization

A

Areas that are adjacent to each other have similar functions because they are connected. You get the humunculi if you draw out what is the most sensitive areas.

32
Q

Damage to basal ganglia causes

A

Dystonia

33
Q

What connects the two hemispheres of the brain together?

A

The corpus callosum

34
Q

What side of the brain process what for the side of the body

A

The left does right body, the right does left

35
Q

What is the left side of the brain specialized for?

A

Language

36
Q

What is the right side of the brain specialized for?

A

Nonverbal, visiospatial analysis of information

37
Q

Damage to the left side

A

Using and analyzing language more difficult

38
Q

Damage to the right

A

Makes it difficult to recognize faces, maps, drawing shapes

39
Q

A common treatment for epilepsy

A

Cutting the corpus callosum

40
Q

Any loss of language function resulting from brain damage is called

A

Aphasia

41
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Speech is labored. They understand what they hear, they speak in a small amount of words.

42
Q

Broca’s area

A

Important for articulating words and sentences and transforming complex sentences into simpler sentences to extract meaning

43
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Hard to understand and articulate words. Heavy use of pronouns and nonsense substitutes, so it’s crucial in translating sounds of words into their meanings and in locating words

44
Q

Enriched environment makes the brain grow

A

Vs that of non enriched. They did this with rats. So if you use it then it will grow

45
Q

How do blind or deaf people have enhanced abilities

A

More neurons in the brain are recruited into the performance of a skill

46
Q

What organism demonstrates Hebbian synpase?

A

Aplysia californica (Sea hair) | electrical stimulation of a neuron

47
Q

Hebbian synapse?

A

Neurons that fire together, wire together. Perhaps a basis for classical conditioning. Done via new receptor sites

48
Q

Long term potentiation

A

Learning causes changes in synaptic efficacy

49
Q

Dr Walter Freeman

A

Lobotomy

50
Q

Where do hormones travel in?

A

Circulatory system

51
Q

Where do neurotransmitters travel in?

A

synpatic cleft

52
Q

Types of chemical signaling

A

Neural communication, Neurohormonal communication, Hormonal

53
Q

Neural Communication

A

(neurotransmitters),

54
Q

Neurahormonal

A

(blood neurotransmitter that acts on glands to produce hormones)

55
Q

Hormones

A

(released by glands that can have long term effects(testosterone in male fetus) or short term (andrenaline)), effects on growth, metabolic processes.

56
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

The master endocrine gland, it stimulates the production of hormones in the entire body. The brain controls it with neurohormones.

57
Q

Transmission of information to the nervous system involves what two processes?

A

Electrical Action potential, chemical synaptic transmission

58
Q

How do drugs affect the nervous system?

A

These exogenous drugs act as agonists or antagonists on the post synaptic cleft

59
Q

Agonists

A

enhance the effect of an endogenous transmitter

60
Q

antagonists

A

Inhibit or block the effect of a neurotransmitter.

61
Q

Drugs have to be fat soluble to get through the

A

blood brain barrier

62
Q

Drugs that affect dopamine

A

Cocaine, blocks the reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic cleft (presynaptic membrane reuptake)

63
Q

Drugs that effect receptors

A

Opiates, promote receptor activation

Psychology 110 (4 decks)

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