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Psychology 110 > Mechanisms of Motivation and emotion > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Motivation and emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

Factors, from inside or outside, that cause an individual to behave a particular way.

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2
Q

Drives are controlled by?

A

incentives, rewards, goals. The stronger the drive, the more attractive the goal

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3
Q

Regulatory drive

A

Like hunger, helps preserve homeostasis

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4
Q

Nonregulatory

A

Like sex, serves some other purpose

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5
Q

Types of drives

A

regulatory, safety, reproductive, social, educative

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6
Q

Drives are what kind of processes?

A

Physical processes. Every drive correspond to neural activity in different sets of neurons in the brain.

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7
Q

Central drive system

A

A set of neurons in which activity constitutes a drive. Drives must have partially different circuits, or we’d be horny everytime we are hungry. The hypothalamus is a good source for drives

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8
Q

Motivation

A

The pursuit of rewards

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9
Q

The three components to reward

A

Liking, wanting, reinforcement

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10
Q

Liking

A

Refers to feeling pleasure when you receive a reward

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11
Q

Wanting

A

refers to the desire to obtain the reward

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12
Q

Reinforcement

A

refers to the effects that rewards have in promoting learning

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13
Q

Rat that liked receiving pleasure would stimulate this

A

Medial forebrain bundle

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14
Q

Medial forebrain bundle stimulates the

A

nucleus accumbens

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15
Q

Nucleus accumbens releases

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

Dopamine

A

Essential for wanting something, for motivation to get something, as it is released before they go out and get something. Dopamine is very important for learning!!!!!

17
Q

What happens when you block dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens?

A

The animal does not seek out rewards that are not immediately present.

18
Q

Endorphins

A

Responsible for liking. Similar effect as morphine and other opiates. They increase the liking reaction

19
Q

Dopamine fluctuations

A

When we get an unexpected reward, dopamine is released immediately after the reward helps to reinforce an association between the reward and any stimulus or response that preceded it.

20
Q

Drugs that promote dopamine do what?

A

Strongly activate the dopamine receiving neurons in the nucleus accumbens that are responsible for promoting reward based learning

21
Q

Why do people get addicted to gambling?

A

Because the game is unpredictable, every time they win, the nucleus accumbens releases dopamine

22
Q

Hunger is caused by what neurotransmitter?

A

Neuropeptide Y

23
Q

Neurotransmitter that represses hunger

A

PPY | Comes in after 15 minutes and peaks around sixty.

24
Q

Leptin

A

Secreted by fat cells and reduce appetite | If they lack the gene to produce this then the animal will get very very fat. However, it only works up until a certain level. Past the threshold does nothing.

25
Q

Sensory Specific satiety

A

You eat one type of food, you get bored, but throw in cake, you get a renewed sense of appetite

26
Q

Sex is an example of what kind of drive

A

a nonregulatory drive.

27
Q

Sleep drive

A

Controlled by circadian rhythms

28
Q

Why do we sleep?

A

Preservation & Protection, Body restoration, maintenance (REM)

29
Q

zeitgeber

A

cue that organizes circadian rhythm

30
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

Maintains the circadian rhythm

31
Q

What releases melatonin

A

Pineal Gland

32
Q

Tau mutant hamsters

A

Homozygous mutation 20 hour sleep, hetero 22, normal is 24.

33
Q

Phase response curve

A

Describe adjustments to the circadian rhythms

34
Q

What do rats that don’t get sleep die from?

A

Hyperphagia (get fat), die from enteric bacteria

35
Q

Psychic blindness

A

Damage to the amygdala causes you to not care

36
Q

Emotions result from what?

A

Interaction of physiology, cognition, and circumstance

37
Q

Peripheral Feedback

A

Body manifests feelings first, then brain responds (You may not have to know this)

38
Q

Cognition plus feedback

A

Over lay meaning on physiological response. (You may not have to know this) Epinephrine experiments

39
Q

Facial Feedback

A

Adopting facial posters alters mood and alters physiology as do real emotional responses (You may not have to know this)

Psychology 110 (4 decks)

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