Nervous System

Question 1

Allostasis

Answer 1

Process of achieving homeostasis.

Question 2

Functions of the nervous system

Answer 2

Sensory input detection, interpretive functions, motor output and higher mental functioning.

Question 3

Division of the nervous system

Answer 3

Central and peripheral

Question 4

Components of the central nervous system

Answer 4

Brain, spinal cord, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 5

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

Somatic and autonomic

Question 6

Somatic nervous system

Answer 6

Part of the autonomic nervous system that transmits sensory input and controls voluntary functions.

Question 7

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

Portion of the peripheral nervous system which controls involuntary actions of organs, glands and smooth muscle.

Question 8

Divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 9

Characteristics of neurons

Answer 9

Excitability, conductivity and secretion.

Question 10

Excitability of neurons

Answer 10

Neurons can respond to a stimulus.

Question 11

Conductivity of a neuron

Answer 11

Neurons can transmit impulses.

Question 12

Secretion of neurons

Answer 12

They can secrete neurotransmitters.

Question 13

Parts of a neuron

Answer 13

Dendrites, cell body and an axon.

Question 14

Nuclei

Answer 14

Name for neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system.

Question 15

Ganglia

Answer 15

Name for neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 16

Classes of neurotransmitters

Answer 16

Excitatory or inhibitory

Question 17

Acetylcholine

Answer 17

The most common neurotransmitter. Needed for muscular contraction.

Question 18

Types of neuron

Answer 18

Afferent (sensory), interneurons and efferent (motor).

Question 19

Types of receptors when classified based on location

Answer 19

Exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors

Question 20

Exteroceptors

Answer 20

Receptors which collect information about the external environment. Found in the skin and mucosa.

Question 21

Interoceptors

Answer 21

Receptors which collect information about the internal environment. Found throughout organs.

Question 22

Proprioceptors

Answer 22

Type of interoceptor found in muscles, tendons and joints. Detects body position and movement.

Question 23

Types of receptor when classified based on stimulus

Answer 23

Chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, osmoreceptors

Question 24

Chemoreceptors

Answer 24

Detect chemicals. Found in the tongue, nose and arterial walls.

Question 25

Photoreceptors

Answer 25

Detect light and are found in the retina.

Question 26

Thermoreceptors

Answer 26

Detect temperature. Found in the skin and mucosae.

Question 27

Nociceptors

Answer 27

Detect pain in the form of actual or potential tissue damage. Found throughout, but with high concentrations in the skin.

Question 28

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 28

Detects mechanical stimulation such as pressure or soundwaves. Found in the skin, blood vessels, ears, muscles and joints.

Question 29

Osmoreceptors

Answer 29

Detect changes in electrolyte concentration in the blood plasma. Found in high concentrations in the hypothalamus.

Question 30

Nerve tracts

Answer 30

Bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS.

Question 31

Nerves

Answer 31

Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS.

Question 32

Connective tissue layers around the nerve

Answer 32

Endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium

Question 33

Endoneurium

Answer 33

Innermost connective tissue layer that surrounds the neuron.

Question 34

Perineurium

Answer 34

Middle connective tissue layer. Surrounds bundles of neurons called fascicles. Provides vascularization.

Question 35

Epineurium

Answer 35

Outermost connective tissue layer. Surrounds groups of fascicles and fat to fill the spaces.

Question 36

Neuroglia

Answer 36

Connective tissue cells that support, nourish, protect and isolate neurons. Make up a large portion of the the nervous system.

Question 37

Central nervous system neuroglia

Answer 37

Astrocytes, ependymocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes

Question 38

Astrocytes

Answer 38

Anchor neurons to capillaries. Largest and most numerous neuroglia. Help to form the blood-brain barrier.

Question 39

Ependymocytes

Answer 39

Line the ventricles of the CNS and help circulate CSF.

Question 40

Microglia

Answer 40

Monitors health and destroy cellular debris and pathogens.

Question 41

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 41

Produce the insulating myelin sheath around axons within the CNS.

Question 42

Neuroglia of the PNS

Answer 42

Schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 43

Schwann cells

Answer 43

Produce the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS.

Question 44

Satellite cells

Answer 44

Surround some neurons and play a role in the inflammatory process and in repairing damage to the PNS.

Question 45

Neurilemma

Answer 45

Outer layer of the myelin sheath.

Question 46

Olfactory nerve

Answer 46

First cranial nerve, sensory, detects smell.

Question 47

Optic nerve

Answer 47

Second cranial nerve, sensory, detects visual information

Question 48

Oculomotor nerve

Answer 48

Third cranial nerve, motor, moves the eye and eyelids.

Question 49

Trochlear nerve

Answer 49

Fourth cranial nerve, motor, moves the eyeballs

Question 50

Trigeminal nerve

Answer 50

Fifth cranial nerve, both sensory and motor

Question 51

Branches of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 51

Opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Question 52

Abducens nerve

Answer 52

Sixth cranial nerve, motor, moves the eyeball

Question 53

Facial nerve

Answer 53

Seventh cranial nerve, motor and sensory, detects the face, tear and salivary glands and detects taste.

Question 54

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 54

Eighth cranial nerve, sensory, detects the inner ear.

Question 55

Glossapharyngeal nerve

Answer 55

Ninth cranial nerve, sensory and motor, involved in taste, saliva and swallowing.

Question 56

Vagus nerve

Answer 56

Tenth cranial nerve.

Question 57

Functions of the vagus nerve

Answer 57

Important part of the ANS. Connects the brain to the GI tract and regulates heart and respiration rates and blood pressure and sweating.

Question 58

Accessory nerve

Answer 58

Eleventh cranial nerve, motor, innervates the muscles of the neck and shoulder.

Question 59

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 59

Twelfth cranial nerve, motor, moves the tongues.

Question 60

Numbers of spinal nerves

Answer 60

8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1Co

Question 61

Nerve plexus

Answer 61

A group of motor neurons which pass through a single point.

Question 62

Reflex

Answer 62

Rapid, involuntary response to a lus which are often protective in nature.

Question 63

Reflex arc

Answer 63

The pathway a relfex uses to and from the CNS.

Question 64

Other name for sympathetic division

Answer 64

Thoracolumbar division.

Question 65

Other name for parasympathetic divison

Answer 65

Craniosacral division

Question 66

Largest region of the diencephalon

Answer 66

Thalamus

Question 67

Hypothalamus

Answer 67

Regulates the ANS