Nervous System Flashcards

(67 cards)

1
Q

Allostasis

A

Process of achieving homeostasis.

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2
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory input detection, interpretive functions, motor output and higher mental functioning.

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3
Q

Division of the nervous system

A

Central and peripheral

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4
Q

Components of the central nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.

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5
Q

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

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6
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that transmits sensory input and controls voluntary functions.

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Portion of the peripheral nervous system which controls involuntary actions of organs, glands and smooth muscle.

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8
Q

Divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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9
Q

Characteristics of neurons

A

Excitability, conductivity and secretion.

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10
Q

Excitability of neurons

A

Neurons can respond to a stimulus.

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11
Q

Conductivity of a neuron

A

Neurons can transmit impulses.

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12
Q

Secretion of neurons

A

They can secrete neurotransmitters.

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13
Q

Parts of a neuron

A

Dendrites, cell body and an axon.

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14
Q

Nuclei

A

Name for neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system.

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15
Q

Ganglia

A

Name for neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

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16
Q

Classes of neurotransmitters

A

Excitatory or inhibitory

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

The most common neurotransmitter. Needed for muscular contraction.

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18
Q

Types of neuron

A

Afferent (sensory), interneurons and efferent (motor).

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19
Q

Types of receptors when classified based on location

A

Exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors

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20
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Receptors which collect information about the external environment. Found in the skin and mucosa.

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21
Q

Interoceptors

A

Receptors which collect information about the internal environment. Found throughout organs.

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22
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Type of interoceptor found in muscles, tendons and joints. Detects body position and movement.

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23
Q

Types of receptor when classified based on stimulus

A

Chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, osmoreceptors

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24
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Detect chemicals. Found in the tongue, nose and arterial walls.

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25
Photoreceptors
Detect light and are found in the retina.
26
Thermoreceptors
Detect temperature. Found in the skin and mucosae.
27
Nociceptors
Detect pain in the form of actual or potential tissue damage. Found throughout, but with high concentrations in the skin.
28
Mechanoreceptors
Detects mechanical stimulation such as pressure or soundwaves. Found in the skin, blood vessels, ears, muscles and joints.
29
Osmoreceptors
Detect changes in electrolyte concentration in the blood plasma. Found in high concentrations in the hypothalamus.
30
Nerve tracts
Bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS.
31
Nerves
Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS.
32
Connective tissue layers around the nerve
Endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium
33
Endoneurium
Innermost connective tissue layer that surrounds the neuron.
34
Perineurium
Middle connective tissue layer. Surrounds bundles of neurons called fascicles. Provides vascularization.
35
Epineurium
Outermost connective tissue layer. Surrounds groups of fascicles and fat to fill the spaces.
36
Neuroglia
Connective tissue cells that support, nourish, protect and isolate neurons. Make up a large portion of the the nervous system.
37
Central nervous system neuroglia
Astrocytes, ependymocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes
38
Astrocytes
Anchor neurons to capillaries. Largest and most numerous neuroglia. Help to form the blood-brain barrier.
39
Ependymocytes
Line the ventricles of the CNS and help circulate CSF.
40
Microglia
Monitors health and destroy cellular debris and pathogens.
41
Oligodendrocytes
Produce the insulating myelin sheath around axons within the CNS.
42
Neuroglia of the PNS
Schwann cells and satellite cells
43
Schwann cells
Produce the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS.
44
Satellite cells
Surround some neurons and play a role in the inflammatory process and in repairing damage to the PNS.
45
Neurilemma
Outer layer of the myelin sheath.
46
Olfactory nerve
First cranial nerve, sensory, detects smell.
47
Optic nerve
Second cranial nerve, sensory, detects visual information
48
Oculomotor nerve
Third cranial nerve, motor, moves the eye and eyelids.
49
Trochlear nerve
Fourth cranial nerve, motor, moves the eyeballs
50
Trigeminal nerve
Fifth cranial nerve, both sensory and motor
51
Branches of the trigeminal nerve
Opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular
52
Abducens nerve
Sixth cranial nerve, motor, moves the eyeball
53
Facial nerve
Seventh cranial nerve, motor and sensory, detects the face, tear and salivary glands and detects taste.
54
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Eighth cranial nerve, sensory, detects the inner ear.
55
Glossapharyngeal nerve
Ninth cranial nerve, sensory and motor, involved in taste, saliva and swallowing.
56
Vagus nerve
Tenth cranial nerve.
57
Functions of the vagus nerve
Important part of the ANS. Connects the brain to the GI tract and regulates heart and respiration rates and blood pressure and sweating.
58
Accessory nerve
Eleventh cranial nerve, motor, innervates the muscles of the neck and shoulder.
59
Hypoglossal nerve
Twelfth cranial nerve, motor, moves the tongues.
60
Numbers of spinal nerves
8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1Co
61
Nerve plexus
A group of motor neurons which pass through a single point.
62
Reflex
Rapid, involuntary response to a lus which are often protective in nature.
63
Reflex arc
The pathway a relfex uses to and from the CNS.
64
Other name for sympathetic division
Thoracolumbar division.
65
Other name for parasympathetic divison
Craniosacral division
66
Largest region of the diencephalon
Thalamus
67
Hypothalamus
Regulates the ANS