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Massage Therapy Module 3 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Allostasis

A

Process of achieving homeostasis.

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2
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory input detection, interpretive functions, motor output and higher mental functioning.

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3
Q

Division of the nervous system

A

Central and peripheral

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4
Q

Components of the central nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.

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5
Q

Divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic and autonomic

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6
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that transmits sensory input and controls voluntary functions.

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Portion of the peripheral nervous system which controls involuntary actions of organs, glands and smooth muscle.

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8
Q

Divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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9
Q

Characteristics of neurons

A

Excitability, conductivity and secretion.

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10
Q

Excitability of neurons

A

Neurons can respond to a stimulus.

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11
Q

Conductivity of a neuron

A

Neurons can transmit impulses.

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12
Q

Secretion of neurons

A

They can secrete neurotransmitters.

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13
Q

Parts of a neuron

A

Dendrites, cell body and an axon.

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14
Q

Nuclei

A

Name for neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system.

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15
Q

Ganglia

A

Name for neuronal cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

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16
Q

Classes of neurotransmitters

A

Excitatory or inhibitory

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17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

The most common neurotransmitter. Needed for muscular contraction.

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18
Q

Types of neuron

A

Afferent (sensory), interneurons and efferent (motor).

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19
Q

Types of receptors when classified based on location

A

Exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors

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20
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Receptors which collect information about the external environment. Found in the skin and mucosa.

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21
Q

Interoceptors

A

Receptors which collect information about the internal environment. Found throughout organs.

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22
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Type of interoceptor found in muscles, tendons and joints. Detects body position and movement.

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23
Q

Types of receptor when classified based on stimulus

A

Chemoreceptors, photoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, osmoreceptors

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24
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Detect chemicals. Found in the tongue, nose and arterial walls.

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25
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Detect light and are found in the retina.

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26
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Detect temperature. Found in the skin and mucosae.

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27
Q

Nociceptors

A

Detect pain in the form of actual or potential tissue damage. Found throughout, but with high concentrations in the skin.

28
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Detects mechanical stimulation such as pressure or soundwaves. Found in the skin, blood vessels, ears, muscles and joints.

29
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

Detect changes in electrolyte concentration in the blood plasma. Found in high concentrations in the hypothalamus.

30
Q

Nerve tracts

A

Bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS.

31
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of nerve fibers in the PNS.

32
Q

Connective tissue layers around the nerve

A

Endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium

33
Q

Endoneurium

A

Innermost connective tissue layer that surrounds the neuron.

34
Q

Perineurium

A

Middle connective tissue layer. Surrounds bundles of neurons called fascicles. Provides vascularization.

35
Q

Epineurium

A

Outermost connective tissue layer. Surrounds groups of fascicles and fat to fill the spaces.

36
Q

Neuroglia

A

Connective tissue cells that support, nourish, protect and isolate neurons. Make up a large portion of the the nervous system.

37
Q

Central nervous system neuroglia

A

Astrocytes, ependymocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes

38
Q

Astrocytes

A

Anchor neurons to capillaries. Largest and most numerous neuroglia. Help to form the blood-brain barrier.

39
Q

Ependymocytes

A

Line the ventricles of the CNS and help circulate CSF.

40
Q

Microglia

A

Monitors health and destroy cellular debris and pathogens.

41
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Produce the insulating myelin sheath around axons within the CNS.

42
Q

Neuroglia of the PNS

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

43
Q

Schwann cells

A

Produce the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS.

44
Q

Satellite cells

A

Surround some neurons and play a role in the inflammatory process and in repairing damage to the PNS.

45
Q

Neurilemma

A

Outer layer of the myelin sheath.

46
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

First cranial nerve, sensory, detects smell.

47
Q

Optic nerve

A

Second cranial nerve, sensory, detects visual information

48
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

Third cranial nerve, motor, moves the eye and eyelids.

49
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

Fourth cranial nerve, motor, moves the eyeballs

50
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

Fifth cranial nerve, both sensory and motor

51
Q

Branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

Opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

52
Q

Abducens nerve

A

Sixth cranial nerve, motor, moves the eyeball

53
Q

Facial nerve

A

Seventh cranial nerve, motor and sensory, detects the face, tear and salivary glands and detects taste.

54
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Eighth cranial nerve, sensory, detects the inner ear.

55
Q

Glossapharyngeal nerve

A

Ninth cranial nerve, sensory and motor, involved in taste, saliva and swallowing.

56
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Tenth cranial nerve.

57
Q

Functions of the vagus nerve

A

Important part of the ANS. Connects the brain to the GI tract and regulates heart and respiration rates and blood pressure and sweating.

58
Q

Accessory nerve

A

Eleventh cranial nerve, motor, innervates the muscles of the neck and shoulder.

59
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Twelfth cranial nerve, motor, moves the tongues.

60
Q

Numbers of spinal nerves

A

8C, 12T, 5L, 5S, 1Co

61
Q

Nerve plexus

A

A group of motor neurons which pass through a single point.

62
Q

Reflex

A

Rapid, involuntary response to a lus which are often protective in nature.

63
Q

Reflex arc

A

The pathway a relfex uses to and from the CNS.

64
Q

Other name for sympathetic division

A

Thoracolumbar division.

65
Q

Other name for parasympathetic divison

A

Craniosacral division

66
Q

Largest region of the diencephalon

67
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates the ANS

Massage Therapy Module 3 (3 decks)

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