Nervous system Flashcards
are the anatomic and physiologic unit of the nervous system
neurons
it consists of the cell body and all its processes, the _____ and ____.
dendrites and axon
mammalian neurons can be:
bipolar(one axon and one dendrite) and multipolar (many branching dendrites and one axon)
specialized sensory neurons for the transmission of sense.
bipolar cells
a type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites.
multipolar neuron
a group of nerve cell bodies within the brain or spinal cord is referred to as
nucleus
a group of nerve cell bodies outside the brain or spinal cord is called a
ganglion
a bundle of neuron fibers within the brain or spinal cord
tract
a bundle of neuron fibers outside the brain or spinal cord
nerve
continuity from one neuron to the next is provided by this. There is no physical contact of neuron.
synapse
is a white lipid substance that forms a sheath around nerve fibers and serves as an electrical insulator
myelin
central nervous system consists of:
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic nerves, ganglia
is a very delicate organ lodged inside the cranium of the skull
brain
the space between the membranes is filled with a fluid called
cerebrospinal fluid
brain three main regions
forebrain, midbrain; hindbrain
consisting of cerebrum and diencephalon
forebrain
a small tubular part between the fore and the hindbrain
midbrain
consists of cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata
hindbrain
this is the largest part of the brain, divided into two parts called cerebral hemispheres.
cerebrum
the outer region contains cell bodies of the nerve cells and being grayish in color
gray matter
the inner region is composed of whitish axon fibers
white matter
a sheet of cress-cross nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
corpus callosum
this is the part of the forebrain lying below the cerebrum
diencephalon
this is an egg-shaped mass of gray matter
thalamus
this is the region of the brain located below thalamus
hypothalamus
is a smaller region of the brain located at the base and under cerebrum.
cerebellum
two main functions are:
to maintain the balance of the body; to coordinate muscle activities.
this is the last part of the brain, which is connected to the spinal cord.
medulla oblongata
those parts of the peripheral nervous system that innervate smooth, cardiac muscles, and glands.
autonomic nerves
the spinal reflexes include:
- the stretch reflex
- the golgi tendon reflex
- the crossed extensor reflex
- the withdrawal reflex
is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle.
stretch reflex
is a normal component of the reflex arc of the peripheral nervous system.
golgi tendon reflex
is a withdrawal reflex.
crossed extensor reflex
is a spinal reflex intended to protect the body from damaging stimuli.
withdrawal reflex
aid in maintaining an upright position.
postural reflexes and reactions
pushing down the back of a dog causes muscle movement that compensate for and resist the displacement.
standing reflex
displacement of one part of the body is followed by posturalchanges in other parts of the body.
attitudinal reflexes
dropping an inverted cat is followed by its landing in the upright position.
righting reflex
pushing a supported dog with three limbs elevated results in a placement correcting…
hopping reaction
are chemicals produced by one species that affects the physiology or behavior of animals of the same species.
pheromones
ear is divided into:
external ear; middle ear; inner ear
