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Anaphy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

involved in some way in nearly every body function.

A

nervous system

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2
Q

We can consider the nervous system as.

A

a communication system, receiving signals from and sending commands to different areas of the body

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3
Q

We can consider the nervous system

A

a communication system, receiving signals from and sending commands to different areas of the body

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4
Q

Sensory receptors monitor
numerous external and internal stimuli. We are aware of sensations from some stimuli, such as vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, pain, body position, and temperature.

A

Receiving sensory input.

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5
Q

The brain and spinal cord are the major organs for processing sensory input and initiating responses. The input may produce an immediate response, be stored as memory, or be ignored Integrating information.

A

Integrating information.

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6
Q

Skeletal muscles normally contract only when stimulated by the nervous system. Thus, by controlling skeletal muscle, the nervous system controls the major movements of the body. The nervous system also participates in controlling cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and many glands.

A

Controlling muscles and glands

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7
Q

. The nervous system plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. This function depends on the nervous system’s ability to detect, interpret, and respond to changes in internal and external conditions. In response, the nervous system can stimulate or inhibit the activities of other systems to help maintain a constant internal environment.

A

Maintaining homeostasis

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8
Q

The brain is the center of mental activity, including consciousness, memory, and thinking.

A

Establishing and maintaining mental activity.

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9
Q

consists of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System

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10
Q

consists of all the nervous tissue outside the CNS, including nerves and ganglia.

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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11
Q

receive stim-uli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs.

A

Neurons

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12
Q

contains a single nucleus. As with any other cell, the nucleus of the neuron is the source of information for gene expression. Extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER), a Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria surround the nucleus.
Large numbers of neurofilaments (intermediate filaments) and microtubules organize the cytoplasm into distinct areas.

A

Cell body

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13
Q

are short, often highly branching cytoplasmic extensions that are tapered from their bases al the neuron cell body to their tips. Most dendrites are extensions of the neuron cell body, but dendrite-like structures also project from the peripheral ends of some sensory axons. Dendrites usualy receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptos and transmit the information toward the neuron cell body.

A

Dendrites

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14
Q

Olfactory

A

I

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15
Q

Optic

A

II

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16
Q

Oculomotor

A

III

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17
Q

Trochlear

A

IV

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18
Q

Trigeminal

A

V

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19
Q

Abducens

A

VI

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20
Q

Facial

A

VII

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21
Q

Vestibulocochlear

A

VII

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22
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A

IX

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23
Q

Vagus

A

X

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24
Q

Accessory

A

XI

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25
Q

Hypoglossal

A

XII

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26
Q

Consist of plexuses within the wall of digestive system

A

Enteric nervous system

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27
Q

Neurons that transmit action potentials from the cns toward the periphery are called

A

Motor neurons

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28
Q

Transmits action potentials from CNS to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic Nervous System

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29
Q

Transmits action potentials from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

A

Autonomic nervous system

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30
Q

Two types of motor division

A

Somatic nervous system , autonomic nervous system

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31
Q

Two types of autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic

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32
Q

Is a unique subdivision of the peripheral nervous system

A

Enteric nervous system

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33
Q

The area where the axon leaves the neuron cell body is called

A

Axon hillock

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34
Q

An axon can remain branched or unbranched to form

A

Collateral axons

35
Q

3 types of neurons

A

Multipolar , bipolar , pseudo unipolar neurons

36
Q

Have many dendrites and a single axon

A

Multipolar neurons

37
Q

Have two processes one dendrite and one axon and is located in some sensory organs such as retina in the eye in the nasal cavity

A

Bipolar neurons

38
Q

Have a single process extending from the cell body

A

Pseudo unipolar neurons

39
Q

neuroglia, are the supportive cells of the CNS and PNS, meaning these cells do not conduct action potentials.

A

Glial cells

40
Q

serve as the major supporting cells in the CNS.

A

Astrocytes

41
Q

astrocytes participate with the blood vessel endothelium to form a permeability barrier, called the

A

blood-brain barrier

42
Q

line the fluid-filled cavities (ventricles and canals) within the CNS.

A

Ependymal cells

43
Q

act as immune cells of CNS helps protect the brain by removing bacteria and cell debris

A

Microglia

44
Q

Provide an insulating material that surrounds axons

A

Oligodendrocytes

45
Q

Provide insulating material around axons

A

Schwann cells

46
Q

are specialized layers that wrap around the axons of some neurons.

A

Myelin sheaths

47
Q

Axons with these myelin sheaths are called

A

myelinated axons

48
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheath, called

A

nodes of Ranvier

49
Q

consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin.

A

Gray matter

50
Q

consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color.

A

White matter

51
Q

Is a junction where the axon of one neurons interacts with with another neurons or cells of an effector organ such as a muscle or a gland

A

Synapse

52
Q

The end of an axon forms a

A

Presynaptic terminal

53
Q

The membrane of the dendrite or effector cell is the

A

postsynaptic membrane

54
Q

Sympathetic

A

Flight or fight prepares body for physical activity

55
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest stimulates involuntary activity

56
Q

Involuntary reaction in response to stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS

A

Reflex

57
Q

Reflex occur

A

Reflex arc

58
Q

5 basic components of reflex

A

Sensory receptors, sensory neurons, inter neurons , motor neurons , Effector organs

59
Q

Two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neurons

A

Converging pathway

60
Q

The axon from one neuron divides and synapses with more than one postsynaptic neuron

A

Diverging pathway

61
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin , dopamine, GABA , glycine , endorphins

62
Q

Simplest reflex

A

Stretch reflex

63
Q

Classic example of stretch reflex

A

Knee- jerk reflex

64
Q

remove a limb or another body part from painful stimulus

A

Withdrawal reflex

65
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Dermatome , mixed nerves

66
Q

All the spinal nerves contain axons of both sensory and somatic motor neurons are called

A

Mixed nerves

67
Q

Is the area of the skin supplied with sensory innervation by a pair of spinal nerves

A

Dermatome

68
Q

Originates from spinal nerves c1 to c4

A

Cervical plexus

69
Q

Originates from spinal nerves c5 to t1

A

Brachial plexus

70
Q

Originates from spinal nerves L1 to S4

A

Lumbosacral plexus

71
Q

Connects spinal cord to the remainder of the brain

A

Brainstem

72
Q

Most inferior portion of the brainstem

A

Medulla oblongata

73
Q

Smallest region of the brainstem

A

Midbrain

74
Q

Is attached to the brainstem by several large connections called cerebellar penduncles

A

Cerebellum

75
Q

Is the part of the brain between brainstem and cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

76
Q

Largest part of diencephalon

A

Thalamus

77
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

78
Q

Is attached by cerebellar peduncles to the brainstem

A

Cerebellum

79
Q

Declarative memory

A

Reflection of facts

80
Q

Procedural memory

A

Involves the development motor skills

81
Q

Task associated memory

A

Working memory

82
Q

Last longer than working memory

A

Short term memory

83
Q

Stored few minutes til it becomes permanent

A

Long term memory

Anaphy (7 decks)

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