Cells

Question 1

are highly organized units containing organelles, which perform specific functions.

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

contains genetic material, and cytoplasm is the living material between the nucleus and the cell membrane.

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

basic unit of life.

Answer 3

Cells

Question 4

protect and support the body, as well as provide for cell metabolism, communication, and inheritance.

Answer 4

Cell

Question 5

forms the outer boundary of the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Answer 5

Cell membrane

Question 6

composed of a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins float. The proteins function as membrane channels, carrier molecules, receptor molecules, enzymes, and structural components of the membrane.

Answer 6

Cell membrane

Question 7

is the movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within a solvent. At equilibrium, the distribution of molecules is uniform.

Answer 7

Diffusion

Question 8

the concentration of a solute at one point in a solvent minus the concentration of that solute at another point in the solvent divided by the distance between the points.

Answer 8

Concentration gradient

Question 9

molecules pass through the cell membrane readily by dissolving in the lipid portion of the membrane. Small molecules and ions can pass through membrane channels.

Answer 9

Lipid-soluble

Question 10

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 10

Osmosis

Question 11

is the force required to prevent movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 11

Osmotic pressure

Question 12

cells swell (and can undergo lysis); in an isotonic solution, cells neither swell nor shrink; in a hypertonic solution, cells shrink and undergo crenation.

Answer 12

hypotonic solution,

Question 13

the movement of materials into cells by the formation of a vesicle. Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves cell receptors attaching to molecules, which are then transported into the cell.

Answer 13

Endocytocis

Question 14

the secretion of materials from cells by vesicle formation.

Answer 14

Exocytosis

Question 15

consists of two separate membranes that form nuclear pores at many points on the surface of the nucleus.

Answer 15

Nuclear envelope

Question 16

and associated proteins are found inside the nucleus as chromatin.p lol

Answer 16

DNA

Question 17

consist of RNA and proteins and are the sites of ribosomal subunit assembly.

Answer 17

Nucleoli

Question 18

are the sites of protein synthesis.

Answer 18

Ribosomes

Question 19

series of closely packed membrane sacs that collect, modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids produced by the ER.

Answer 19

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

membrane-bound sacs that carry substances from the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane, where the vesicle contents are released.

Answer 20

Secretory vesicles

Question 21

membrane-bound sacs containing enzymes. Within the cell, lysosomes break down phagocytized material.
Peroxisomes break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 21

Lysosomes and peroxisomes

Question 22

major sites for the production of ATP, which cells use as an energy source. Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration (requires 02).

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

supports the cytoplasm and organelles and is involved with cell movements.

Answer 23

Cytoskeleton

Question 24

located in the centrosome, are made of microtubules. They facilitate chromosome movement during cell division.

Answer 24

Centrioles

Question 25

move substances over the surface of cells

Answer 25

Cilia

Question 26

are much longer than cilia and propel sperm cells.

Answer 26

Flagella

Question 27

increase the surface area of cells and thus aid in absorption.

Answer 27

Microvili

Question 28

the sequence of nucleotides in DNA (a gene) determines the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA; the mRNA moves through the nuclear pores to ribosomes.

Answer 28

Transcription

Question 29

the sequence of codons in mRNA is used at ribosomes to produce proteins. Anticodons of tRNA bind to the codons of mRNA, and the amino acids carried by tRNA are joined to form a protein.

Answer 29

Translation

Question 30

consists of a series of events that produce new cells for growth and for tissue repair.

Answer 30

Cell cycle

Question 31

The two phases of the cell cycle are

Answer 31

interphase and cell division.

Question 32

each chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at the centromere.

Answer 32

Prophase

Question 33

—chromosomes align at the center of the cell.

Answer 33

Metaphase

Question 34

chromatids separate at the centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Answer 34

Anaphase

Question 35

the two new nuclei assume their normal structure, and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells,

Answer 35

Telophase

Question 36

process by which cells develop specialized structures and functions, results from the selective activation and inactivation of DNA sections.

Answer 36

Differentiation

Question 37

the programmed death of cells. regulates the number of cells within various tissues of the body.

Answer 37

Apoptosis