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Anaphy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 brain regions if the Central Nervous System?

A

Cerebral Hemisphere, Diencephalon, Brain stem, Cerebellum

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2
Q

are paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

Include more than half of the brain mass

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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4
Q

The surface is made of (Cerebral hemisphere)

A

ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci)

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5
Q

are deeper grooves

A

Fissure

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6
Q

are named for the cranial bones that lie over them

A

Lobes

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7
Q

Three main regions of the cerebral hemisphere

A
  1. Cortex is superficial gray matter
  2. White matter
  3. Basal nuclei are deep pockets of
    gray matter
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8
Q

Located in parietal lobe posterior to central sulcus

A

Primary somatic sensory

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9
Q

Receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors

A

Primary somatic sensory

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10
Q

impulses from the body’s sensory receptors

A

Pain, temperature, light touch (except for special senses)

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11
Q

Sensory homunculus is a spatial map

A

Primary somatic sensory

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12
Q

Left side of the primary somatic sensory area receives impulses from right side (and vice versa)

A

Primary somatic sensory

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13
Q

Visual area

A

occipital lobe

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14
Q

auditory area

A

temporal lobe

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15
Q

olfactory area

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

Located anterior to the central sulcus in the frontal lobe

A

Primary Motor Area

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17
Q

Primary motor area is located anterior to the central sulcus in the

A

frontal lobe

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18
Q

Allows us to consciously move skeletal muscles

A

Primary Motor Area

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19
Q

form pyramidal (corticospinal) tract, which descends to spinal cord

A

Motor neurons

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20
Q

Motor neurons form pyramidal (corticospinal) tract, which descends to spinal cord

A

Primary Motor Area

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21
Q

Motor homunculus is a spatial map

A

Primary Motor Area

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22
Q

Involved in our ability to speak

A

Broca’s area (motor speech area)

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23
Q

Usually in left hemisphere at the base of the precentral gyrus

A

Broca’s area (motor speech area)

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24
Q

Other specialized areas

A

Anterior association area (frontal lobe)
• Posterior association area (posterior cortex)
• Speech area (for sounding out words)

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25
Q

Composed of fiber tracts deep to the gray matter

A

Cerebral white matter

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26
Q

connects hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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27
Q

are known as commissures

A

Tracts, such as the corpus callosum,

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28
Q

Tracts, such as the corpus callosum, are known as

A

commissures

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29
Q

connect areas within a hemisphere

A

Association fiber tracts

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30
Q

connect the cerebrum with lower CNS centers

A

Projection fiber tracts

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31
Q

Islands” of gray matter buried deep within the white matter of the cerebrum

A

Basal nuclei

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32
Q

Regulate voluntary motor activities by modifying instructions sent to skeletal muscles by the primary motor cortex

A

Basal nuclei

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33
Q

Regulate voluntary motor activities by modifying instructions sent to skeletal muscles by the

A

primary motor cortex

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34
Q

Sits on top of the brain stem

A

Diencephalon (interbrain)

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35
Q

Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres

A

Diencephalon (interbrain)

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36
Q

Diencephalon (interbrain) includes three structures

A

1 Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Epithalamus

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37
Q

Encloses the third ventricle

A

thalamus

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38
Q

Relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

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39
Q

Makes up the floor of the diencephalon

A

hypothalamus

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40
Q

Important autonomic nervous system center

A

hypothalamus

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41
Q

Important autonomic nervous system center

A

Regulates body temperature, water balance, metabolism

42
Q

Houses the limbic center for emotions

A

hypothalamus

43
Q

Regulates the nearby pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

44
Q

Houses mammillary bodies

A

hypothalamus

45
Q

Reflex centers for olfaction (smell)

A

mammillary bodies

46
Q

Forms the roof of the third ventricle

A

epithalamus

47
Q

Houses the pineal body (an endocrine gland)

A

epithalamus

48
Q

Includes the choroid plexus-forms cerebrospinal fluid

A

epithalamus

49
Q

Provides pathway for ascending and descending tracts

A

Brain stem

50
Q

Produce programmed behaviors key for survival

A

Brain stem

51
Q

Brain stem includes three structures

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla oblongata
52
Q

Extends from the mammillary bodies to the pons inferiorly

A

midbrain

53
Q

connects the third and fourth ventricles

A

Cerebral aqueduct (tiny canal)

54
Q

Two bulging fiber tracts, cerebral peduncles, convey ascending and descending impulses

A

midbrain

55
Q

Four rounded protrusions, corpora quadrigemina, are visual and auditory reflex centers

A

midbrain

56
Q

are visual and auditory reflex centers

A

Four rounded protrusions, corpora quadrigemina,

57
Q

The most inferior part of the brain stem that merges into the spinal cord

A

medulla oblongata

58
Q

Includes important fiber tracts

A

medulla oblongata

59
Q

medulla oblongata contains important centers that control:

A

• Heart rate
• Blood pressure
•Breathing •Swallowing
• Vomiting

60
Q

Fourth ventricle lies posterior to pons and medulla

A

medulla oblongata

61
Q

lies posterior to pons and medulla

A

Fourth ventricle

62
Q

Diffuse mass of gray matter along the brain stem

A

reticular formation

63
Q

Involved in motor control of visceral organs

A

reticular formation

64
Q

Plays a role in awake/sleep cycles and consciousness

A

Reticular activating system (RAS)

65
Q

Filter for incoming sensory information

A

Reticular activating system (RAS)

66
Q

Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces

A

Cerebrum

67
Q

Outer cortex of gray matter and inner region of white matter

A

Cerebrum

68
Q

Controls balance

A

Cerebrum

69
Q

Provides precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and coordination of body movements

A

Cerebrum

70
Q

Fibers connect to the cerebellum from the

A

inner ear, eye, proprioceptors of skeletal muscles and more

71
Q

Fibers connect to the cerebellum from the inner ear, eye, proprioceptors of skeletal muscles and more

A

Cerebrum

72
Q

In addition to bony protection of the brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system is also protected by:

A
  • Meninges
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - Blood-brain barrier
73
Q

Outermost
leathery layer

A
  • Dura mater
74
Q

Double-layered external covering

A

Dura mater

75
Q

attached to inner surface of the skull

A

Periosteal layer

76
Q

outer covering of the brain .

A

Meningeal layer

77
Q

• Folds inward in several areas

A
  • Falx cerebri
    -Tentorium cerebelli
78
Q
  • Similar to blood plasma in composition
A

Cerebrospinal fluid

79
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed continually by the

A

choroid plexuses

80
Q

Formed continually by the choroid plexuses

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

81
Q

forms a watery cushion to protect the brain and spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

82
Q

Circulated in the arachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

83
Q

CSF flows through the

A

subarachnoid space

84
Q

CSF is produced by the

A

choroid plexus of each ventricle

85
Q

CSF flows through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space via the

A

median and lateral apertures.

86
Q

CSF is absorbed into the dural venous sinuses via

A

arachnoid villi

87
Q

Includes the least permeable capillaries of the body

A

Blood-brain barrier

88
Q

Allows water, glucose, and amino through the capillary walls

A

Blood-brain barrier

89
Q

Excludes many potentially harmful substances from entering the brain, such as wastes

A

Blood-brain barrier

90
Q

Useless as a barrier against some substances

A

Blood-brain barrier

91
Q

Traumatic brain injuries

A

Brain Dysfunctions

92
Q

Slight brain injury

A

Concussion

93
Q

Typically little permanent brain damage occurs

A

Concussion

94
Q

Marked nervous tissue destruction occurs

A

Contusion

95
Q

Coma may occur

A

Contusion

96
Q

Death may occur after head blows due to:

A

• Intracranial hemorrhage
• Cerebral edema

97
Q

Results when blood circulation to a brain area is blocked and brain tissue dies

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

98
Q

Loss of some functions or death may result

A

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

99
Q

one-sided paralysis

A

Hemiplegia

100
Q

damage to speech center ni left hemisphere

A

Aphasia

101
Q

(restriction of blood flow)

A

Temporary brain ischemia (restriction of blood flow)

102
Q
  • Temporary brain ischemia (restriction of blood flow)
  • Numbness, temporary paralysis, impaired speech
A

Transient ischemic attack
(TIA)

Anaphy (3 decks)

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