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Locomotor system > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

simple pattern reflexes involve only

A

spinal cord circuits

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2
Q

simple pattern reflexes are (3)

A

automated, unlearned, stereotyped reflexes

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3
Q

simple pattern reflexes do not require

A

cortical input

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4
Q

complex postural adjustments involve (2)

A

spinal cord and supraspinal brain centres

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5
Q

supraspinal brain centres (3)

A

brain stem, extrapyramidal tract, cerebellum

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6
Q

complex postural adjustments are not

A

stereotyped reflexes

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7
Q

complex postural adjustments are (2)

A

flexible and goal orientated

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8
Q

complex postural adjustments coordinate with

A

voluntary movements

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9
Q

complex postural adjustments require

A

cortical input for coordination

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10
Q

Voluntary movements involve (3)

A

spinal cord, brainstem, motor cortex

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11
Q

Central nervous system contains

A

upper motor neurons

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12
Q

peripheral nervous system contains

A

lower motor neurons

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13
Q

central nervous system is made up of (3)

A

motor cortex, brainstem, spinal cord

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14
Q

Peripheral nervous system is made up of (2)

A

spinal cord and skeletal muscle

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15
Q

UMN order

A

1st order

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16
Q

LMN order

A

2nd order

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17
Q

cortical neurons of the motor cortex

A

pyramidal tract

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18
Q

motor neurons of the brainstem nuclei (4)

A

red nucleus, tectum, reticular formation, vestibular nuclei

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19
Q

upper motor neurons are made of (2)

A

cortical neurons of the motor cortex and motor neurons of the brainstem nuclei

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20
Q

lower motor neurons are made of (2)

A

α- & γ- motoneurons of the spinal anterior horn and motor neurones of cranial nerves in the brainstem

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21
Q

UMN axons don’t depart to the

A

PNS

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22
Q

LMN cell bodies are located in the

A

CNS

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23
Q

LMN axons depart to the

A

PNS

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24
Q

LMNs target the

A

skeletal muscle they innervate

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25
Q

NMJ

A

neuromuscular junction

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26
Q

NMJ between (2)

A

motor neuron axon terminal and muscle fibres

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27
Q

another name for junction

A

synapse

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28
Q

neuromuscular junction anatomy (7)

A

motor neuron, axon, path of action potential, neuromuscular junction, motor end plate, muscle fibre, myofibrils

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29
Q

PNS nerves can be (2)

A

afferent or efferent

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30
Q

afferent PNS nerve

A

to CNS

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31
Q

efferent PNS nerve

A

away from CNS

32
Q

efferent nerves are

A

motor

33
Q

afferent nerves are

A

sensory

34
Q

what connects efferent and afferent to CNS

A

separate spinal roots

35
Q

Nerve root region anatomy (8)

A

spinal cord, ventral roots, dorsal roots, vertebra, nerve, nerve fibres/axons, muscle, skin

36
Q

area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

A

dermatome

37
Q

group of muscles supplied by single spinal nerve

A

myotome

38
Q

nerve plexuses (4)

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

39
Q

lumbar plexus

A

lower limbs

40
Q

brachial plexus

A

upper limbs

41
Q

sacral plexus

A

lower limbs

42
Q

cervical plexus (3)

A

head, neck, diaphragm

43
Q

Descending motor system is made of (2)

A

lateral and anterior motor system

44
Q

Order of descending motor system (4)

A

primary motor cortex, upper motor neuron, crosses midline, lower motor neuron

45
Q

pyramidal tracts cross at

A

decussation of pyramids

46
Q

pyramid decussation anatomy (5)

A

pyramid, uncrossed fibres, decussation of pyramid, lateral corticospinal tract, ventral corticospinal tract

47
Q

pyramids divided by

A

anterior median fissure

48
Q

pathways to the brainstem

A

cerebellum basal ganglia

49
Q

brainstem feeds into

A

pyramidal tract

50
Q

pathway to cerebellum from

A

pons

51
Q

pathway to pons from

A

motor cortex

52
Q

pathway to motor cortex from

A

thalamus

53
Q

pathway to thalamus from (2)

A

basal ganglia and cerebellum

54
Q

pathway to basal ganglia from

A

motor cortex

55
Q

motor pathways

A

pyramidal and extrapyramidal

56
Q

pyramidal tracts (2)

A

lateral and ventral corticospinal tracts

57
Q

lateral corticospinal tracts (4)

A

sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical

58
Q

Extrapyramidal tracts (4)

A

rubrospinal, reticulospinal, olivospinal, vestibulospinal

59
Q

controls flexor muscle tone

A

rubrospinal tract

60
Q

gross movement and posture

A

reticulospinal tract

61
Q

olivospinal tract role

A

propioception

62
Q

vestibulospinal tract function

A

hand eye coordination

63
Q

sensory pathways (4)

A

dorsal column medial lemniscus system, spinocerebellar tract, anterolateral system, spino olivary fibres

64
Q

dorsal column medial lemniscus system (2)

A

gracile and cuneate fasiculus

65
Q

gracile fasiculus (3)

A

sacral, lumbar, thoracic

66
Q

cuneate fasciculus

A

cervical

67
Q

spinocerebellar tract (2)

A

anterior and posterior

68
Q

anterolateral system (2)

A

anterior and lateral

69
Q

potential parkinson’s disease treatment

A

deep brain stimulation

70
Q

DBS

A

deep brain stimulation

71
Q

mechanism of DBS

A

unclear

72
Q

what does DBS likely do

A

high frequency impulse inhibtion of subthalamic nuclei

73
Q

DBS set up (5)

A

subthalamic nucleus, electrode, lead, extension wire, pulse generator

74
Q

cause of parkinons

A

dopamine reduction

75
Q

parkinsons degenerative changes in

A

globus pallidus and substantia nigra

Locomotor system (13 decks)

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