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GENBIO 2ND SEM > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A
  • DETECTION of changes in and outside the
    body.
  • INTEGRATION of information from each of
    the senses.
  • COORDINATION of muscles, organs, and
    glands.
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2
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

division of the nervous system that includes the BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

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4
Q

Division of the nervous system that includes ALL THE NERVOUS TISSUE OUTSIDE OF THE brain and spinal cord.

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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5
Q

transmits INFORMATION from the SENSES towards the brain.

A

AFFERENT DIVISION

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6
Q

transmits COMMANDS to the MUSCLES AND GLANDS
from the brain.

A

EFFERENT DIVISION

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7
Q

TWO SYSTEMS OF TEH EFFERENT DIVISION OF PNS

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS)
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

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8
Q

controls skeletal muscle

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS)

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9
Q

regulates INVOLUNTARY smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glands.

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

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10
Q

includes “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” responses

A

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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11
Q

includes “REST AND DIGEST” responses

A

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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12
Q

are the BASIC UNITS of the nervous system, ABLE TO COMMUNICATE with other cells.

A

NEURONS

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13
Q

SUPPORT NEURONS by regulating their surrounding environment

A

NEUROGLIA

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14
Q

are cells SPECIALIZED IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING MESSAGES

A

NEURONS

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15
Q

receive incoming signals

A

DENDRITES

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16
Q

conduct impulses away from the cell body

A

AXONS

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17
Q

contains the neuron’s organelles

A

CELL BODY

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18
Q

Neuron axons have ______, THIN PADS OF LIPIDS
that serve as electrical insulation

A

MYELIN

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19
Q

can transmit electrical signals MUCH FASTER and appear white

A

MYELINATED NEURONS

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20
Q

RECEIVE information from the peripheral nervous system or SPECIAL SPENSES.

A

SENSORY NEURONS

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21
Q

DETECT INFORMATION from the OUTSIDE WORLD.

A

SOMATIC RECEPTORS

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22
Q

MONITOR CONDITIONS within organs such as the lungs, stomach, etc.

A

VISCERAL RECEPTORS

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23
Q

CARRY SIGNALS from the central nervous system to muscles or organs.

A

MOTOR NEURONS

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24
Q

innervate voluntary skeletal muscles

A

SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS

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25
innervate ALL INVOLUNTRAY MUSCLES, including the heart (cardiac), glands, and hollow organs (smooth).
AUTONOMIC MOTOR NEURONS
26
a rapid, involuntary response to an stimulus
REFLEX
27
is a disease caused by the ingestion of bacterial toxins from ROTTING FOOD.
BOTULISM
28
PREVENTS the release of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors, causing paralysis
TOXIN
29
CAUSED BY A BACTERIAL TOXIN that inhibits the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
TETANUS
30
The adult brain has __ major regions
6
31
the LARGEST REGION, controlling conscious thought, complex movements, and memory
CEREBRUM
32
controls MOVEMENT, language, and other HIGHER-THINKING FUNCTIONS.
FRONTAL LOBE
33
contains the auditory, taste, and olfactory areas
TEMPORAL LOBE
34
integrates SENSORY information
PARIETAL LOBE
35
contains the VISION center
OCCIPITAL LOBE
36
integrates sensory information and motor commands
DIENCEPHALON
37
transfers IMPULSES received from sensory neurons to the correct region of the cerebrum
THALAMUS
38
controls many aspects of INTERNAL HOMEOSTASIS, including body temperature, water balance, and overall metabolism.
HYPOTHALAMUS
39
directly attaches the brain to the spinal cord
BRAIN STEM
40
contains the neurons responsible for CONTROLLING BREATHING (along with the medulla).
PONS
41
the LOWEST PART of the brain stem, merging into the spinal cord.
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
42
Controls heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting and breathing (with the pons)
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
43
coordinates posture, balance, and body movements
CEREBELLUM
44
has more protection than any other part of the body
CNS
45
due to these, neurons cannot undergo mitosis and are irreplaceable As a result, the CNS has more protection than any other part of the body
SIZE AND COMPLEX SHAPE
46
The first layer of protection are the _____ of the skull
FLAT BONES
47
below the flat bones, membranes of connective tissue
MENINGES
48
outermost thickest layer
DURA MATER
49
a network of blood vessels
ARACHNOID MATER
50
the innermost layer
PIA MATER
51
is essentially a CONTINUATION of the brain stem down the back towards the pelvis
SPINAL CORD
52
_____ are MIXED NERVES that carry motor, somatic, and autonomic signals to the body from the spinal cord.
SPINAL NERVES
53
are 12 pairs of nerves, mostly from the head and neck, that attach directly to the brain
CRANIAL NERVES
54
CRANIAL NERVES
OLFACTORY OPTIC OCULOMOTOR TROCHLEAR TRIGEMINAL ABDUCENS FACIAL VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL VAGUS ACCESSORY NERVE HYPOGLOSSAL
55
Vision
OPTIC
56
Eye muscles
OCULOMOTOR
57
Smell
OLFACTORY
58
Eye muscles
TROCHLEAR
59
Facial (sensory), chewing muscles (motor)
TRIGEMIAL
60
Taste (sensory), facial muscles (motor)
FACIAL
61
Eye muscles 2
ABDUCENS
62
Balance and hearing
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
63
Taste (sensory), swallowing (motor)
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
64
o Sensory and motor neurons that affect sweating, peristalsis, heart rate, opening the larynx for speech and breathing. o Has branches in the ear canal – cotton swab cough.
VAGUS
65
Neck and upper back muscles (motor)
ACCESSORY NERVE
66
Tongue (motor)
HYPOGLOSSAL
67
regulate growth, development, mood, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function
HORMONES

GENBIO 2ND SEM (5 decks)

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