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GENBIO 2ND SEM > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A
  • DETECTION of changes in and outside the
    body.
  • INTEGRATION of information from each of
    the senses.
  • COORDINATION of muscles, organs, and
    glands.
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2
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

division of the nervous system that includes the BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

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4
Q

Division of the nervous system that includes ALL THE NERVOUS TISSUE OUTSIDE OF THE brain and spinal cord.

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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5
Q

transmits INFORMATION from the SENSES towards the brain.

A

AFFERENT DIVISION

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6
Q

transmits COMMANDS to the MUSCLES AND GLANDS
from the brain.

A

EFFERENT DIVISION

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7
Q

TWO SYSTEMS OF TEH EFFERENT DIVISION OF PNS

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS)
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

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8
Q

controls skeletal muscle

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (SNS)

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9
Q

regulates INVOLUNTARY smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glands.

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS)

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10
Q

includes “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” responses

A

SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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11
Q

includes “REST AND DIGEST” responses

A

PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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12
Q

are the BASIC UNITS of the nervous system, ABLE TO COMMUNICATE with other cells.

A

NEURONS

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13
Q

SUPPORT NEURONS by regulating their surrounding environment

A

NEUROGLIA

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14
Q

are cells SPECIALIZED IN TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING MESSAGES

A

NEURONS

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15
Q

receive incoming signals

A

DENDRITES

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16
Q

conduct impulses away from the cell body

A

AXONS

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17
Q

contains the neuron’s organelles

A

CELL BODY

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18
Q

Neuron axons have ______, THIN PADS OF LIPIDS
that serve as electrical insulation

A

MYELIN

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19
Q

can transmit electrical signals MUCH FASTER and appear white

A

MYELINATED NEURONS

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20
Q

RECEIVE information from the peripheral nervous system or SPECIAL SPENSES.

A

SENSORY NEURONS

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21
Q

DETECT INFORMATION from the OUTSIDE WORLD.

A

SOMATIC RECEPTORS

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22
Q

MONITOR CONDITIONS within organs such as the lungs, stomach, etc.

A

VISCERAL RECEPTORS

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23
Q

CARRY SIGNALS from the central nervous system to muscles or organs.

A

MOTOR NEURONS

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24
Q

innervate voluntary skeletal muscles

A

SOMATIC MOTOR NEURONS

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25
Q

innervate ALL INVOLUNTRAY MUSCLES, including the heart (cardiac), glands, and hollow organs (smooth).

A

AUTONOMIC MOTOR NEURONS

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26
Q

a rapid, involuntary response to an stimulus

A

REFLEX

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27
Q

is a disease caused by the ingestion of bacterial toxins from ROTTING FOOD.

A

BOTULISM

28
Q

PREVENTS the release of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors, causing paralysis

A

TOXIN

29
Q

CAUSED BY A BACTERIAL TOXIN that inhibits the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine

A

TETANUS

30
Q

The adult brain has __ major regions

A

6

31
Q

the LARGEST REGION, controlling conscious thought, complex movements, and memory

A

CEREBRUM

32
Q

controls MOVEMENT, language, and other HIGHER-THINKING FUNCTIONS.

A

FRONTAL LOBE

33
Q

contains the auditory, taste, and olfactory areas

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

34
Q

integrates SENSORY information

A

PARIETAL LOBE

35
Q

contains the VISION center

A

OCCIPITAL LOBE

36
Q

integrates sensory information and motor commands

A

DIENCEPHALON

37
Q

transfers IMPULSES received from sensory neurons to the correct region of the cerebrum

A

THALAMUS

38
Q

controls many aspects of INTERNAL HOMEOSTASIS, including body temperature, water balance, and overall metabolism.

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

39
Q

directly attaches the brain to the spinal cord

A

BRAIN STEM

40
Q

contains the neurons responsible for CONTROLLING BREATHING (along with the medulla).

A

PONS

41
Q

the LOWEST PART of the brain stem, merging into the spinal cord.

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

42
Q

Controls heart rate, blood pressure, swallowing, vomiting and breathing (with the pons)

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

43
Q

coordinates posture, balance, and body movements

A

CEREBELLUM

44
Q

has more protection than any other part of the body

A

CNS

45
Q

due to these, neurons cannot undergo mitosis and are irreplaceable As a result, the CNS has more protection than any other part of the body

A

SIZE AND COMPLEX SHAPE

46
Q

The first layer of protection are the _____
of the skull

A

FLAT BONES

47
Q

below the flat bones, membranes of connective tissue

A

MENINGES

48
Q

outermost thickest layer

A

DURA MATER

49
Q

a network of blood vessels

A

ARACHNOID MATER

50
Q

the innermost layer

A

PIA MATER

51
Q

is essentially a CONTINUATION of the brain stem down the back towards the pelvis

A

SPINAL CORD

52
Q

_____ are MIXED NERVES that carry motor, somatic, and autonomic signals to the body from the spinal cord.

A

SPINAL NERVES

53
Q

are 12 pairs of nerves, mostly from the head and neck, that attach directly to the brain

A

CRANIAL NERVES

54
Q

CRANIAL NERVES

A

OLFACTORY
OPTIC
OCULOMOTOR
TROCHLEAR
TRIGEMINAL
ABDUCENS
FACIAL
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
VAGUS
ACCESSORY NERVE
HYPOGLOSSAL

55
Q

Vision

A

OPTIC

56
Q

Eye muscles

A

OCULOMOTOR

57
Q

Smell

A

OLFACTORY

58
Q

Eye muscles

A

TROCHLEAR

59
Q

Facial (sensory), chewing muscles (motor)

A

TRIGEMIAL

60
Q

Taste (sensory), facial muscles (motor)

A

FACIAL

61
Q

Eye muscles 2

A

ABDUCENS

62
Q

Balance and hearing

A

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

63
Q

Taste (sensory), swallowing (motor)

A

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

64
Q

o Sensory and motor neurons that affect sweating, peristalsis, heart rate, opening the larynx for speech and breathing.
o Has branches in the ear canal – cotton swab cough.

A

VAGUS

65
Q

Neck and upper back muscles (motor)

A

ACCESSORY NERVE

66
Q

Tongue (motor)

A

HYPOGLOSSAL

67
Q

regulate growth, development, mood, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function

A

HORMONES

GENBIO 2ND SEM (5 decks)

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