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GENBIO 2ND SEM > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

primary endocrine glands

A

o Pituitary
o Pineal
o Thyroid
o Parathyroid
o Islets of Langerhans
o Adrenals
o Ovaries
o Testes

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2
Q

made up of glands and the hormones they secrete

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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3
Q

chemical transmitter

A

HORMONES

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4
Q

released in SMALL AMOUNTS from glands, and is transported in the bloodstream to target organs or other cells

A

HORMONES

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5
Q

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS that transfers information and instructions from one set of cells to another

A

HORMONES

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6
Q

regulate growth, development, mood, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function

A

HORMONES

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7
Q

_____ of any hormone can be harmful to the body

A

HYPOSECRETION OR HYPERSECRETION

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8
Q

they work together to help maintain homeostasis

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

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9
Q

is a collection of specialized cells located in the brain and is the primary link between the two systems. It produces chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions of the pituitary gland

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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10
Q

essential for the growth and development of bones, muscles, and other organs

A

GROWTH HORMONE

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11
Q

enhances protein synthesis, decreases the use of glucose, and promotes fat destruction

A

GROWTH HORMONE

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12
Q

essential for the growth of the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

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13
Q

essential for the growth and development of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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14
Q

o is a gonadotropic hormone.
o It stimulates the growth ovarian follicles in the female and the production of sperm in the male.

A

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

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15
Q

is a gonadotropic hormone stimulating the development of corpus luteum in the female ovarian follicles and the PRODUCTION OF TESTOSTERONE in the male.

A

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

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16
Q

stimulates the development and growth of the MAMMARY GLANDS and milk production during pregnancy. The sucking motion of the baby stimulates ___ secretion.

A

PROLACTIN

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17
Q

regulates SKIN PIGMENTATION and promotes the deposit of melanin in the skin after exposure to sunlight

A

MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH)

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18
Q

stimulates the REABSORPTION OF WATER by the renal tubules. Hyposecretion of this hormone can result in diabetes insipidus

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

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19
Q

stimulates the uterus to contract during labor, delivery, and parturition.

A

OXYTOCIN

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20
Q

A synthetic version of oxytocin, used to induce labor, is called _____. It also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk

A

PITOCIN

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21
Q

is pine-cone-shaped and only about 1 cm in diameter

A

PINEAL GLAND

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22
Q

communicates information about environmental lighting to various parts of the body

A

MELATONIN

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23
Q

as some effect on sleep/awake cycles and other biological events connected to them, such as a lower production of gastric secretions at night

A

MELATONIN

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24
Q

a neurotransmitter that regulates intestinal movements and affects appetite, mood, sleep, anger, and metabolism

A

SEROTONIN

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25
Q

Plays a vital role in metabolism and regulates
the body’s metabolic processes.

A

THYROID GLAND

26
Q

influences bone and calcium metabolism; maintains a homeostasis of calcium in the blood plasma.

A

CALCITONIN

27
Q

The two pairs of parathyroid glands are located on the _______ of the thyroid gland.

A

DORSAL OR BACK SIDE

28
Q

Parathyroid gland secretes ______________ which plays a role in the metabolism of phosphorus.

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PSH)

29
Q

facilitate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. This elevates the blood sugar

A

ALPHA CELLS

30
Q

secrete the hormone INSULIN, which is essential for the maintenance of normal blood sugar levels. Inadequate levels result in diabetes mellitus.

A

BETA CELLS

31
Q

SUPPRESS the release of glucagon and insulin.

A

DELTA CELLS

32
Q

where are adrenal glands located

A

AT THE TOP OF EACH KIDNEY

33
Q

what is the INSIDE of the adrenal glands called

A

MEDULLA

34
Q

what is the OUTSIDE LAYER of the adrenal glands called

A

CORTEX

35
Q

triangular shaped located on the top of each kidney

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

36
Q
  • regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism;
  • has an anti-inflammatory effect; helps the body cope during times of stress
A

CORTISOL

37
Q
  • like cortisol, it is a steroid; influences potassium and sodium metabolism
A

CORTICOSTERONE

38
Q
  • essential in regulating electrolyte and water balance by promoting sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion.
A

ALDOSTERONE

39
Q
  • several hormones including testosterone; they promote the development of secondary sex Characteristics in the male.
A

ANDROGENS

40
Q
  • is used to treat shock.
  • It dilates the arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac output, and increases urinary output
A

DOPAMINE

41
Q

epinephrine is also called

A

ADRENALINE

42
Q
  • elevates systolic blood pressure,
  • increases heart rate and cardiac output
A

EPINEPHRINE

43
Q
  • speeds up the release of glucose from the liver… giving a spurt of energy
  • dilates the bronchial tubes and relaxes airways, and dilates the pupils to see more clearly
  • often used to counteract an allergic reaction
A

EPINEPHRINE

44
Q
  • released when the body is under stress
  • creates the underlying influence in the fight or flight response.
  • As a drug, however, it actually triggers a drop in heart rate.
A

NOREPINEPHRINE

45
Q

The ______ produce estrogen and progesterone which prepare the uterus for pregnancy, promote the development of mammary glands, play a role in sex
drive, and develop secondary sex characteristics in the female.

A

OVARIES

46
Q

what do the ovaries produce

A

ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

47
Q

The _____ produce testosterone that is essential for normal growth and development of the MALE SEX ORGANS

A

TESTES

48
Q

is responsible for the ERECTION of the penis

A

TESTOSTERONE

49
Q
  • During pregnancy, the ________ serves as an endocrine gland.
  • It produces chorionic gonadotropin hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.
A

PLACENTA

50
Q

The mucosa of the pyloric area of the stomach secretes the hormone ______, which stimulates the production of GASTRIC ACID for digestion

A

GASTRIN

51
Q

refers to a group of diseases That can cause high levels of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood

A

DIABETES

52
Q

develops when your pancreas can’t produce enough of the hormone insulin or your body becomes resistant to it

A

DIABETES

53
Q

(sometimes called thyrotoxicosis or overactive thyroid) is when your thyroid gland is overactive

A

HYPERTHYROIDISM

54
Q

The most common symptoms of ________ are feeling anxious or nervous, being unable to tolerate heat, having heart palpitations, feeling tired and losing weight.

A

HYPERTHYROIDISM

55
Q

(underactive thyroid) occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone.
* Symptoms vary, but can include fatigue, weight gain, heavy periods or sensitivity to the cold.

A

HYPOTHYROIDISM

56
Q

is a very rare condition. It causes children to grow faster than normal and grow very tall

A

GIGANTISM

57
Q
  • a very noticeable forehead
  • a jaw that seems to jut out
  • unusual features of the face, such as a broad nose
  • very large hands and feet, with thick fingers and toes
  • more sweating than usual
  • a very large appetite
  • general weakness
A

GIGANTISM

58
Q

is a common hormonal condition that affects up to 1 in 10 girls and women in their reproductive years. It may cause disruptions to the menstrual cycle, skin and hair changes, as well as cysts on the
ovaries.

A

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS)

59
Q

It is one of the leading causes of infertility, yet many women don’t know they have it

A

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS)

60
Q

Tips for maintaining a healthy endocrine system

A
  • Balanced diet and regular exercise
  • Adequate sleep and stress management
  • Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider

GENBIO 2ND SEM (5 decks)

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