ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

primary endocrine glands

Answer 1

o Pituitary
o Pineal
o Thyroid
o Parathyroid
o Islets of Langerhans
o Adrenals
o Ovaries
o Testes

Question 2

made up of glands and the hormones they secrete

Answer 2

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 3

chemical transmitter

Answer 3

HORMONES

Question 4

released in SMALL AMOUNTS from glands, and is transported in the bloodstream to target organs or other cells

Answer 4

HORMONES

Question 5

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS that transfers information and instructions from one set of cells to another

Answer 5

HORMONES

Question 6

regulate growth, development, mood, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function

Answer 6

HORMONES

Question 7

_____ of any hormone can be harmful to the body

Answer 7

HYPOSECRETION OR HYPERSECRETION

Question 8

they work together to help maintain homeostasis

Answer 8

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 9

is a collection of specialized cells located in the brain and is the primary link between the two systems. It produces chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions of the pituitary gland

Answer 9

HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 10

essential for the growth and development of bones, muscles, and other organs

Answer 10

GROWTH HORMONE

Question 11

enhances protein synthesis, decreases the use of glucose, and promotes fat destruction

Answer 11

GROWTH HORMONE

Question 12

essential for the growth of the adrenal cortex

Answer 12

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)

Question 13

essential for the growth and development of the thyroid gland

Answer 13

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Question 14

o is a gonadotropic hormone.
o It stimulates the growth ovarian follicles in the female and the production of sperm in the male.

Answer 14

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

Question 15

is a gonadotropic hormone stimulating the development of corpus luteum in the female ovarian follicles and the PRODUCTION OF TESTOSTERONE in the male.

Answer 15

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

Question 16

stimulates the development and growth of the MAMMARY GLANDS and milk production during pregnancy. The sucking motion of the baby stimulates ___ secretion.

Answer 16

PROLACTIN

Question 17

regulates SKIN PIGMENTATION and promotes the deposit of melanin in the skin after exposure to sunlight

Answer 17

MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH)

Question 18

stimulates the REABSORPTION OF WATER by the renal tubules. Hyposecretion of this hormone can result in diabetes insipidus

Answer 18

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

Question 19

stimulates the uterus to contract during labor, delivery, and parturition.

Answer 19

OXYTOCIN

Question 20

A synthetic version of oxytocin, used to induce labor, is called _____. It also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk

Answer 20

PITOCIN

Question 21

is pine-cone-shaped and only about 1 cm in diameter

Answer 21

PINEAL GLAND

Question 22

communicates information about environmental lighting to various parts of the body

Answer 22

MELATONIN

Question 23

as some effect on sleep/awake cycles and other biological events connected to them, such as a lower production of gastric secretions at night

Answer 23

MELATONIN

Question 24

a neurotransmitter that regulates intestinal movements and affects appetite, mood, sleep, anger, and metabolism

Answer 24

SEROTONIN

Question 25

Plays a vital role in metabolism and regulates the body’s metabolic processes.

Answer 25

THYROID GLAND

Question 26

influences bone and calcium metabolism; maintains a homeostasis of calcium in the blood plasma.

Answer 26

CALCITONIN

Question 27

The two pairs of parathyroid glands are located on the _______ of the thyroid gland.

Answer 27

DORSAL OR BACK SIDE

Question 28

Parathyroid gland secretes ______________ which plays a role in the metabolism of phosphorus.

Answer 28

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PSH)

Question 29

facilitate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. This elevates the blood sugar

Answer 29

ALPHA CELLS

Question 30

secrete the hormone INSULIN, which is essential for the maintenance of normal blood sugar levels. Inadequate levels result in diabetes mellitus.

Answer 30

BETA CELLS

Question 31

SUPPRESS the release of glucagon and insulin.

Answer 31

DELTA CELLS

Question 32

where are adrenal glands located

Answer 32

AT THE TOP OF EACH KIDNEY

Question 33

what is the INSIDE of the adrenal glands called

Answer 33

MEDULLA

Question 34

what is the OUTSIDE LAYER of the adrenal glands called

Answer 34

CORTEX

Question 35

triangular shaped located on the top of each kidney

Answer 35

ADRENAL GLANDS

Question 36

- regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism; - has an anti-inflammatory effect; helps the body cope during times of stress

Answer 36

CORTISOL

Question 37

- like cortisol, it is a steroid; influences potassium and sodium metabolism

Answer 37

CORTICOSTERONE

Question 38

- essential in regulating electrolyte and water balance by promoting sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion.

Answer 38

ALDOSTERONE

Question 39

- several hormones including testosterone; they promote the development of secondary sex Characteristics in the male.

Answer 39

ANDROGENS

Question 40

- is used to treat shock. - It dilates the arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac output, and increases urinary output

Answer 40

DOPAMINE

Question 41

epinephrine is also called

Answer 41

ADRENALINE

Question 42

- elevates systolic blood pressure, - increases heart rate and cardiac output

Answer 42

EPINEPHRINE

Question 43

- speeds up the release of glucose from the liver… giving a spurt of energy - dilates the bronchial tubes and relaxes airways, and dilates the pupils to see more clearly - often used to counteract an allergic reaction

Answer 43

EPINEPHRINE

Question 44

- released when the body is under stress - creates the underlying influence in the fight or flight response. - As a drug, however, it actually triggers a drop in heart rate.

Answer 44

NOREPINEPHRINE

Question 45

The ______ produce estrogen and progesterone which prepare the uterus for pregnancy, promote the development of mammary glands, play a role in sex drive, and develop secondary sex characteristics in the female.

Answer 45

OVARIES

Question 46

what do the ovaries produce

Answer 46

ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

Question 47

The _____ produce testosterone that is essential for normal growth and development of the MALE SEX ORGANS

Answer 47

TESTES

Question 48

is responsible for the ERECTION of the penis

Answer 48

TESTOSTERONE

Question 49

* During pregnancy, the ________ serves as an endocrine gland. * It produces chorionic gonadotropin hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.

Answer 49

PLACENTA

Question 50

The mucosa of the pyloric area of the stomach secretes the hormone ______, which stimulates the production of GASTRIC ACID for digestion

Answer 50

GASTRIN

Question 51

refers to a group of diseases That can cause high levels of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood

Answer 51

DIABETES

Question 52

develops when your pancreas can’t produce enough of the hormone insulin or your body becomes resistant to it

Answer 52

DIABETES

Question 53

(sometimes called thyrotoxicosis or overactive thyroid) is when your thyroid gland is overactive

Answer 53

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Question 54

The most common symptoms of ________ are feeling anxious or nervous, being unable to tolerate heat, having heart palpitations, feeling tired and losing weight.

Answer 54

HYPERTHYROIDISM

Question 55

(underactive thyroid) occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. * Symptoms vary, but can include fatigue, weight gain, heavy periods or sensitivity to the cold.

Answer 55

HYPOTHYROIDISM

Question 56

is a very rare condition. It causes children to grow faster than normal and grow very tall

Answer 56

GIGANTISM

Question 57

- a very noticeable forehead - a jaw that seems to jut out - unusual features of the face, such as a broad nose - very large hands and feet, with thick fingers and toes - more sweating than usual - a very large appetite - general weakness

Answer 57

GIGANTISM

Question 58

is a common hormonal condition that affects up to 1 in 10 girls and women in their reproductive years. It may cause disruptions to the menstrual cycle, skin and hair changes, as well as cysts on the ovaries.

Answer 58

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS)

Question 59

It is one of the leading causes of infertility, yet many women don't know they have it

Answer 59

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS)

Question 60

Tips for maintaining a healthy endocrine system

Answer 60

- Balanced diet and regular exercise - Adequate sleep and stress management - Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider