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Anatomy and Physiology > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system is split into…

A

CNS Central Nervous System
PNS Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

What is included in the CNS?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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3
Q

Functions of brain (CNS) (2)

A

Coordinates body functions

Input from sensory nerves: processing and reaction

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4
Q

Brain location

A

Cranial cavity
Takes up entirety of space

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5
Q

3 sections of Brain composition

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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6
Q

Structure of forebrain

A

Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Structure of midbrain

A

Connective stem between forebrain and hindbrain

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8
Q

Structure of hindbrain

A

Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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9
Q

4 sections of each hemisphere of cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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10
Q

Deep folds of the cerebrum (3)

A

Gyri (up-folds)
Sulci (shallow folds)
Fissures (deep crevices)

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11
Q

Thalamus - Function

A

Processes info received from sensory organs and relays to the cerebrum

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12
Q

Hypothalamus - Functions (2)

A
  • Connects the nervous to endocrine system
  • Key role in homeostasis & temp control
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13
Q

Midbrain - Function

A

Carries info of sight & sound

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14
Q

Cerebellum: Structure

A

2 hemispheres and deeply fissured

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15
Q

Cerebellum: Location

A

In hindbrain caudal to cerebrum

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16
Q

Cerebellum: Function

A
  • Controls balance, precision and co-ordination
  • Receives info from sensory system
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17
Q

Pons - Structure

A

S: Bridge between hemispheres of cerebellum

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18
Q

Pons - Location

A

In hindbrain - ventral to cerebellum

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19
Q

Pons - Function

A

F: Controls respiration, intensity, depth and frequency

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20
Q

Medulla Oblongata: Location

A

In hindbrain (from pons to spinal cord)

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21
Q

Medulla Oblongata: Function

A
  • Controls respiration & circulation & blood pressure
  • Plays part in swallowing and digestion
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22
Q

Meninges - structure

A

3 membranes round brain & spinal cord
(Dura, Arachnoid, Pia)

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23
Q

Meninges layers

A

Dura - Outer - Tough fibrous

Arachnoid - Middle - Collagen fibres & blood vessels

Pia - Inner - Fine layer closely attached 2 brain

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24
Q

Meninges Functions

A

Protect CNS from mechanical damage

Blood supply & maintain for CSF to nourish CNS

25
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

Nutrition to nervous tissues

Help protect CNS

26
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Complex layer round brain’s blood capillaries

Protect brain from harmful substances

27
Q

Neurons

A

Cell that carry info messages or signals to and from the brain & rest of the body

28
Q

Messages sent by neurons

A

Nerve impulse or action potentials

29
Q

3 main types of nerves

A

Afferent = sensory nerves - signal from sensory neurons to CNS

Efferent = motor nerves - signal from CNS to muscles/glands

Mixed: receives sensory info & send info to muscles

30
Q

Nerves are also classified as…

A

spinal or cranial nerves

31
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Connect to the spinal cord
Transmit signals to most of the body

32
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Found in brainstem
Responsible for signals to the brain

33
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?

A

All nerve and nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord

34
Q

Olfactory cranial nerve

A

Smell

35
Q

Optic cranial nerve

A

Visual info

36
Q

Oculomotor cranial nerve

A

Movement of the eye

37
Q

Trochlear cranial nerve

A

Movement of the eye

38
Q

Trigeminal cranial nerve

A

Face (sensory)
Jaw muscles (motor)

39
Q

Abducens cranial nerve

A

Movement of the eye

40
Q

Facial cranial nerve

A

Face (sensory)
Facial expression (motor)

41
Q

Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve

A

Vestibular apparatus of brain
Cochlear branch/ Hearing

42
Q

Glossopharyngeal cranial nerve

A

Taste buds (sensory)
Muscles of tongue (motor)

43
Q

Vagus cranial nerve

A

Larynx (sensory)
Heart rate
Muscles of gastro-intestinal tract

44
Q

Accessory cranial nerve

A

Muscles of neck & shoulder

45
Q

Hypoglossal cranial nerve

A

Tongue muscles

46
Q

12 cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor

Trochlear
Trigemenial
Abducens

Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal

Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

47
Q

3 sensory cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Vestibulocochlear

48
Q

4 mixed cranial nerves

A

Trigemenial
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

49
Q

5 motor cranial nerves

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear
Abducens
Accessory
Hypoglossal

50
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Leave the spinal cords directly

Carry signals into and away from spinal cord

51
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Conscious (voluntary) control of skeletal muscles of body

52
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Unconscious (involuntary) control of various systems of the body

2 branches: sympathetic & parasympathetic

53
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Fight, flight or fright

54
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Rest & Digest

55
Q

Composition of spinal nerves

A

Dorsal root: signals towards spinal cord
Ventral root: signals away from spinal cord

56
Q

Reflex arc (5 components)

A

Receptor
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Effector

57
Q

Reflex arc

A

Give fixed, involuntary response to given stimulus (4 protection)

Carry nerve impulses from receptors to spinal cord/ brain and immediately out via motor neurone to cause effector to initiate response

Don’t involve conscious centres of brain

58
Q

Examples of reflex arc

A

Withdrawal
Blink
Cough

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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