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Anatomy and Physiology > Assessment 4 - Reproductive system > Flashcards

Assessment 4 - Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Dartos muscle?

A

Contract and thicken wall of scrotum (raising temp in cold weather)

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2
Q

Name of ducts within testes?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

What cells are found in the seminiferous tubules?

A

Spermatogenic
Sertoli
Interstitial/ Leydig

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4
Q

Function of spermatogenic cells?

A

Divide to produce immature sperm

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5
Q

Function of sertoli cells?

A

Secrete oestrogen and nutrients to prolong survival of sperm

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6
Q

Function of interstitial cells?

A

Produce testosterone?

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7
Q

Structure and function of epididymides?

A

Long coiled tube
Stores sperm & allows it to mature
Transport sperm from testis to vas deferens

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8
Q

Function of vas deferens?

A

Carry sperm from epididymis, via prostate gland, to penile urethra

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9
Q

Composition of spermatic cord

A

Vas deferens
Testicular artery & vein
Testicular nerve
Lymphatic vessels
Cremaster muscle
Layer of peritoneum (protection)

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10
Q

Name the accessory glands

A

Prostate glands
Bulbourethral gland (cats)

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11
Q

Function(s) of accessory glands?

A

Secrete seminal fluid which:
1. Increase vol. of ejaculate 2 aid passage of sperm in2 female tract
2. Aid sperm survival with correct environment
3. Neutralise acidity of urine within eurethra

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12
Q

What holds the ovaries in place next to kidneys?

A

Ovarian ligament

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13
Q

Function of infundibulum?

A

Catches and channels the released ova

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14
Q

Location of fallopian tubes?

A

Connect ovary to uterus

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15
Q

Functions of fallopian tubes/ oviduct (3)

A

Collect ova from ovary

Transport ova to uterine horn

Good environment for sperm & ova

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16
Q

What lines the fallopian tubes?

A

Cilia

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17
Q

General uterus structure

A

Y shaped
Rich blood supply
2 arms = uterine horns
Main stem = uterine body
Location: dorsal abdomen

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18
Q

Layers of the wall of the uterus

A

Endometrium, myometrium and mesometrium/broad ligament

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19
Q

Function of endometrium?

A

Provide nutrition for embryo before placenta forms

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20
Q

What is found in the endometrium?

A

Columnar mucous membrane
Glandular tissue
Blood vessels

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21
Q

What happens to endometrium during pregnancy?

A

Thickens

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22
Q

What is found in myometrium?

A

Smooth muscle layers

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23
Q

Function of myometrium and its smooth muscles?

A

Contraction during parturition

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24
Q

Function of uterine milk?

A

Provide nourishment for zygote

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25
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Thick walled muscular sphincter

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26
Q

Apart from muscles, what else is in cervix?

A

Cartilage

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27
Q

What normally blocks the cervix?

A

Mucoid plug

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28
Q

What is the purpose of mucoid plug?

A

Reduce risk of infection in uterus

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29
Q

When does cervix relax?

A

Passage of sperm
Passage of foetus (parturition)

30
Q

Where does sperm go before heading to fallopian tubes?

A

Vagina

31
Q

Vaginal wall is well developed with…

A

muscle

32
Q

Why does the vaginal wall have muscle structure?

A

To help with the tie process

33
Q

Vagina extends from …………to ………………..

A

Uterine cervix
External urethral orifice

34
Q

Vestibule of vagina extends from ………………………to ………………

A

External urethral orifice
Vulva

35
Q

When is Follicle Stimulating Hormone first released?

A

Late stage of anoestrus

36
Q

Function of FSH? (2)

A

Travel to ovary

Growth of immature egg

37
Q

What hormone does the follicle produce?

A

Oestrogen

38
Q

What is the function of prostaglandin?

A

Uterine contractions

39
Q

What secretes prostaglandin?

A

Uterus

40
Q

What is the function of prolactin? (2)

A

Mammary gland (growth)

Milk production

41
Q

Where is prolactin secreted?

A

Pituitary gland

42
Q

Function of follicle stimulating hormone in males? And where does it happen?

A

Development of sperm in seminiferous tubules

43
Q

What is the male ‘equivalent’ of the Luteinising hormone in males?

A

Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormones (ICSH)

44
Q

Location of testes in male dog?

A

Outside the body cavity in the scrotum between hind limbs

45
Q

Location of testes in male cats?

A

Outside the body cavity in scrotum, ventral to the anus

46
Q

Reproductive function of the penis?

A

To transport sperm & seminal fluids from testes into vagina of female

47
Q

Location and function of os penis?

A

Within the glans penis
Helps with insertion of penis into vagina when erection is not yet complete

48
Q

What protects penis from physical trauma?

A

Prepuce which covers penis

49
Q

Functions of barbs on cat’s penis? (4)

A

Nerve pathway (pain)

Message to hypothalamus

Pituitary sends luteinising hormone

Ovulation

50
Q

Functions of seminal fluid? (4)

A

Volume of ejaculate
Passage of sperm
Nourishment
Acidity neutraliser

51
Q

2 functions of ovaries?

A

Ova production

Progesterone & oestrogen prod.

52
Q

Function of ovarian ligament

A

Hold ovary adjacent to kidney

53
Q

Function of ciliated columnar epithelium in fallopian tube?

A

Propel ova towards uterine horn

54
Q

Function of uterus

A

Give environment for development of foetus

55
Q

Where are FSH and LH produced?

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

56
Q

Where is oestrogen produced?

A

Developing follicle in ovary

57
Q

Where is progesterone produced?

A

Corpus lutem in ovaries

58
Q

Where do FSH and LH act? (Females)

A

Ovaries

59
Q

Where do oestrogen and progesterone act?

A

Reproductive tract and brain

60
Q

Effects of oestrogen?

A

Flirt

Discharge & swelling

Minus FSH

Plus LH

61
Q

Effect of FSH? (females)

A

Stimulates follicles to develop

62
Q

Effect of LH? (females)

A

Stimulates ovulation

Follicle rupture

Form corpus luteum (from rest of follicular)

63
Q

Effects of progesterone? (4)

A

implantation of embryo prep

Inhibits release of FSH

Mammary tissue development

Increase of progesterone & falling oestrogen = female to accept male

64
Q

Where do FSH and LH act on males?

A

Testes

65
Q

Effect of FSH in males?

A

Stimulates sperm development

66
Q

Effect of Lh in males?

A

Stimulates testosterone production by interstitial cells

67
Q

Effects of testosterone? (4)

A

Increased muscle mass

Development of barbs on cat’s penis

Sex drive/ aggression/ mating & territorial behaviour

Development of spermatozoa

68
Q

What influences the reproductive tract during pro-oestrus?

A

Oestrogen

69
Q

During which phase will the female allow herself to be mated?

A

Oestrus

70
Q

What inflluences the reproductive tract during metoestrus?

A

Progesterone

71
Q

During which period is there little or no ovarian activity?

A

Anoestrus

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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