Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Collection of axons wrapped in connective tissue

A

Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nerve cell, excitable transmit electrical signals

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nerve fibers

A

Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of nervous system

A

Sensory input
Integration
Motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outside CNS consists of nerves extend from brain and spinal cord

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PNS divided into 2 divisions

A

Sensory (afferent): signals picked up by sensory receptors throughout the body and carried by nerve fibers of PNS to CNS
Motor (efferent): signals carried away from CNS by nerve fibers of PNS to innervate muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Motor division is divided into

A

Somatic: conducts impulses away from CNS to skeletal muscles (voluntary control)
Autonomic: conducts impulses away from CNS to viscera (involuntary control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Autonomic divided into

A

Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest Maintain basic body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non-excitable support cells surround neurons

A

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clusters of nerve cell bodies in CNS

A

Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clusters of nerve cell bodies outside CNS

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Processes branch out from cell body
Receiving signals & direct signals towards cell body

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Single process arises from cell body
Cone shaped region near cell body

A

Axons
Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Site where nerves communicate with one another

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neuron conducts signals toward a synapse

A

Presynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neuron transmits signals away from a synapse

A

Postsynaptic neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Gap in between presynaptic and postsynaptic

A

Synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Two distinct processes: one dendrite & one axon with a cell body in between

A

Bipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Short single process emerges from cell body & divides into an inverted T into 2 long branches
1 branch- central into CNS = central process
Other branch- extends peripherally = peripheral process
Most sensory neurons of PNS are these

A

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 or more dendrites and single axon
Most abundant
All motor neurons are these

A

Multipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lie between motor and sensory neurons
Most are multipolar and found only in CNS

A

Interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Star shaped cells
Most abundant type of glial cel in CNS
Form blood brain barrier, maintain ion and neurotransmitter concentrations

A

Astrocytes

23
Q

Macrophages of the CNS
Remove debris, damaged tissues, and infectious microorganisms

A

Microglia

24
Q

Production & circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Ependymal cells

25
Q

Produce myelin
Wrap myelin around multiple axons

A

Oligodendrocytes

26
Q

In PNS, myelinate one segment of one axon

A

Schwann cells

27
Q

Glial cells in PNS

A

Satellite cells

28
Q

Lipid rich sheath surrounds axons
Insulating layer prevents leakage of electrical current, increasing speed of impulse conduction

A

Myelin sheaths

29
Q

Gaps in myelin sheath

A

Nodes of ranvier

30
Q

Nerve impulses jump from cell membrane of one myelin sheath gap to the next, increases speed impulse conduction

A

Saltatory conduction

31
Q

Composed of cell bodies, dendrites, neuroglia, unmyelinated axons
Found in outer portion of brain and in inner portion of spinal cord

A

Gray matter

32
Q

Myelinated axons
Inner portion of brain and outer portion of spinal cord

A

White matter

33
Q

Ascending axons in white matter of spinal cord

A

Bring sensory information from PNS to brain

34
Q

Descending axons in white matter of spinal cord

A

Bring motor information from brain to the body

35
Q

Connective tissue surrounding outside of nerve

A

Epineurium

36
Q

Connective tissue surrounding a nerve fascicle

A

Perineurium

37
Q

Bundle of nerve fibers (axons)

A

Fascicle

38
Q

Connective tissue surrounding an individual nerve fiber

A

Endoneurium

39
Q

Sensory neurons of PNS transmit sensory information from receptors

A

To CNS

40
Q

Motor nerves of PNS transmit motor information from CNS

A

To effector organs

41
Q

Interneurons in CNS gray matter receive sensory information from afferent neuron

A

And direct a response stimulating a efferent neuron

42
Q

Involuntary rapid motor response to a stimulus

A

Reflex

43
Q

Chain of neurons responsible for reflexes
Has 5 components

A

Reflex arc
Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

44
Q

Site where stimulus acts located at peripheral end of sensory neuron

A

Receptor

45
Q

Transmits sensory impulse to CNS

A

Sensory neuron

46
Q

Consists of 1 or more synapses in gray matter of CNS
Directs response from sensory signal

A

Integration center

47
Q

Transmits motor impulses away from CNS to an effector in periphery

A

Motor neuron

48
Q

Muscle or gland that contracts or secretes

A

Effector

49
Q

Reflex only one synapse is present in reflex arc
No interneuron
Sensory neuron synapses directly on motor
Knee jerk reflex

A

Monosynaptic reflex

50
Q

More than one synapse in reflex arc
At least one interneuron
Withdrawal reflex

A

Polysynaptic reflex arc

51
Q

Pain sensed through receptor in skin
Sensory information sent to CNS activating interneuron
Motor neuron going to forearm flexors is stimulated causing muscle contraction withdrawals hand away from painful stimulus

A

Withdrawal reflex

52
Q

Autoimmune demyelination’s disease of CNS
Lymphocytes destroys myelin & inflammation
Scarring of myelin occurs along white matter
Vision disturbances, weakness, paresthesias

A

Multiple Sclerosis

53
Q

Autoimmune disease of PNS
Bacterial GI infection & respiratory infections
Weakness begins in distal lower extremities & ascends to diaphragm = respiratory failure

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions