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PSYCH: Exam 1 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

peripheral (“outside of center”) nervous system

A

includes everything but brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System is divided between…

A

somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

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3
Q

somatic (“body”) nervous system

A

nerve fibers connecting muscles and senses

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4
Q

autonomic (“self-rule”) nervous system (ANS)

A

regulates vital functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system is divided between…

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.

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6
Q

sympathetic (“with feeling”) branch

A

tends to “rev-up” bodily activities in preparation for vigorous action; excited/energy-consuming states, mobilizes for emergency

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7
Q

Sympathetic branch would…

A

dilates pupils, relaxes bronchi, accelerates/strengthens heartbeat, inhibits activity, and contracts vessels.

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8
Q

Sympathetic branch is referred to as…

A

“fight or flight” system.

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9
Q

parasympathetic (“goes with sympathetic”) branch

A

tends to restore body’s internal activities to normal after action has been completed; vegetative/energy-conserving states, maintains normal functioning

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10
Q

Parasympathetic branch would…

A

contract pupils, constricts bronchi, slows heartbeat, stimulates activity, and dilates vessels.

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11
Q

Parasympathetic branch is referred to as…

A

“feed and breed” or “rest and digest” system.

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12
Q

central (“center”) nervous system (CNS)

A

includes brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

The brain ages…

A

inside-out. The hindbrain is the oldest; the cortex is the newest.

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14
Q

Brain divided into…

A

hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain.

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15
Q

hindbrain

A

coordinates function fundamental to survival located at lower back part of brain

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16
Q

Cat dissected above hindbrain can…

A

move but not act.

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17
Q

Hindbrain is divided between the…

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum (“little brain”).

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18
Q

medulla oblongata (“oblong marrow”)

A

responsible for breathing, heartbeat, and blood circulation

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19
Q

pons (“bridge”)

A

responsible for arousal and attention

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20
Q

cerebellum (“little brain”)

A

responsible for integration of muscles to perform fine movements, but no coordination/direction of these movements

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21
Q

midbrain

A

forms movements into acts and controls whole body responses to visual/auditory stimuli located at topmost part of brainstem

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22
Q

Cat dissected above midbrain can…

A

move/act, but without purpose.

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23
Q

superior colliculus (“upper hills”)

A

initiates motor commands and visual processing

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24
Q

substantia nigra (“black substance”)

A

produces dopamine and located

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25
Q

Parkinson’s disease cause by…

A

too little dopamine in brain.

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26
Q

forebrain (cerebrum/”brain”)

A

cerebral hemispheres connected by corpus callosum

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27
Q

Forebrain/Cerebrum is divided between…

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, and cortex.

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28
Q

thalamus (“inner chamber”)

A

sensory and motor relay center

29
Q

hypothalamus (“below inner chamber”)

A

controls responses to basic needs (food/temperature/sex)

30
Q

basal ganglia

A

regulates muscle contractions for smooth movements

31
Q

limbic (“border”) sytem

A

responsible for memory and emotion

32
Q

Limbic system is divided between the…

A

hippocampus (memory) and amygdala (emotion).

33
Q

Cerebral cortex divided into…

A

frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes.

34
Q

cerebral cortex (“bark/skin”) or neocortex (“new bark/skin”)

A

outermost layer of forebrain and regulates higher motor/sensory/intellectual functions

35
Q

Cat dissected above limbic system can…

A

act normal with purpose, but clumsy.

36
Q

corpus callosum

A

thick bundle of fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres

37
Q

Each hemisphere controls…

A

opposite side of body.

38
Q

phrenology

A

pseudoscience involving the measurement of bumps on the skills to predict mental traits

39
Q

Gall established…

A

phrenology as a explanation for aphasic diagnosis that damaged the frontal lobe of a soldier.

40
Q

Phineas Gage experienced…

A

damage to part of his frontal lobe resulting in personality change from responsible/gentle to argumentative/impulsive/vile.

41
Q

In 1865, Broca identified…

A

region in patient’s brain responsible for speech.

42
Q

In 1874, Wernicke identified…

A

region responsible for comprehension.

43
Q

frontal lobe

A

responsible for planning, social behavior, motor control located at front of brain

44
Q

parietal lobe

A

responsible for sense of touch (somatosensory) located at the top-back of brain

45
Q

occipital lobe

A

responsible for vision located at back of brain

46
Q

temporal lobe

A

responsible for hearing and memory located at side of brain

47
Q

central fissure

A

groove running down the middle of the lateral (side) surface of brain, separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

48
Q

lateral fissure

A

groove separating from frontal, parietal, and temporal lobe

49
Q

Left hemisphere dictates…

A

language.

50
Q

Right hemisphere dictates…

A

spatial abilities.

51
Q

Front of the brain dictates…

A

expression, actions, and plans.

52
Q

Back of the brain dictates…

A

reception, perceptions, and interpretations.

53
Q

Damage to non-primary cortex can be classified as…

A

pre-frontal lesions, apraxia, and agnosia.

54
Q

Pre-frontal cortex lesions can cause…

A

loss of planning, moral reasoning, sensitivity to social context, loss of initiation of action, or deliberation.

55
Q

apraxia (“no doing”)

A

failure in sequencing components of actions; inability to organize movements

56
Q

Frontal lesions forward of the motor cortex can cause…

A

apraxia (loss of fine motor control).

57
Q

agnosia (“no knowing”)

A

deficit in interpreting, categorizing, labeling and knowing

58
Q

Lesions to the occipital temporal lobes can cause…

A

agnosia (interpretation/organizational deficit).

59
Q

Right hemisphere parietal damage causes…

A

neglect; inattention to whole left side.

60
Q

Left hemisphere frontal or temporal damage causes…

A

aphasia; deficits in language function.

61
Q

aphasia

A

disorder of language caused by lesions to left hemisphere.

62
Q

expressive aphasia

A

inability to produce speech caused by lesion to Broca’s area in frontal lobe

63
Q

receptive aphasia

A

inability to comprehend or produce speech caused by lesion in Wernicke’s area in temporal lobe

64
Q

Split brain studies…

A

severe corpus callosum to reduce seizure severity.

65
Q

Split brain studies result in…

A

normal condition of patient with left and right brain independent in subtle ways

66
Q

Left visual field goes to…

A

right hemisphere.

67
Q

Right visual hemisphere goes to…

A

left hemisphere.

68
Q

Penfield discovered…

A

the localization of motor and sensory cortices by stimulating different parts of the brain.

69
Q

Motor and sensory homunculi demonstrate…

A

how much of the brain controls each part of the body; large portion dedicated to hands and face; small part dedicated to leg.

PSYCH: Exam 1 (6 decks)

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