4 Psychology Definitions Flashcards
Wilhelm Wundt in 1879…
founded the first psychology lab; Separated psychology from philosophy as science of mind; Germany.
John Broadus Watson in 1913…
declares psychology to be science of behavior; Establishes psychology sect only to study the observable.
Psychology as a science of mind and behavior…
concentrates on the experimentation of the mind and observation of behavior to reach scientifically measurable conclusions.
Nativism
theory that individuals are born with innate ideas
Rationalism
theory that knowledge is gained with previously known ideas/concepts
Empiricism
theory that individuals are born with a clean slate and knowledge is gained from experience
Associationism
theory that experiences are used to gain knowledge
Nativism and Empiricism differ because…
of conflicting approaches to questions about the origins of knowledge.
Rationalism and Associationism differ because…
of conflicting approaches to questions about the arrival of knowledge.
Chomsky insisted that…
humans are born with language capacity because we have natural mental grammar.
Psychology as a science of experimental epistemology…
concentrates on the theory of knowledge in regards to its origins and arrival.
Dualism
theory that mind and body are separate entities; tangible (physical body) and intangible (mind)
Materialism
only things with physical matter exist; existence of is questionable (minds are result of neural activity)
Descartes argued that…
two kinds of substance existed; matter and mind.
Psychology as a science of knowing/experiencing…
concentrates on the phenomena of knowing/experiencing without applying strict scientific concepts
Knowledge is…
instinctual and universal (birds know to migrate naturally).
Experience is…
knowledge gained through interaction with environment (chocolate is sweet because we have tasted it).
Scientific Materialism states that…
all that exists is matter in motion. It includes physical variables (mass/length/velocity) and excludes psychological variables.
structuralism
psychology should be understood through mind’s individual elements
In structuralism, thoughts are separate from feelings which…
are separate from sensations but together make up our complex experiences.
Structuralism was established by…
Titchener and Wundt in 1879.
behaviorism
psychology should be observable/seen through behavior
In behaviorism, behaviors are either…
learned or natural.
Behaviorism established by…
Watson in 1913.
