4 Psychology Definitions

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt in 1879…

Answer 1

founded the first psychology lab; Separated psychology from philosophy as science of mind; Germany.

Question 2

John Broadus Watson in 1913…

Answer 2

declares psychology to be science of behavior; Establishes psychology sect only to study the observable.

Question 3

Psychology as a science of mind and behavior…

Answer 3

concentrates on the experimentation of the mind and observation of behavior to reach scientifically measurable conclusions.

Question 4

Nativism

Answer 4

theory that individuals are born with innate ideas

Question 5

Rationalism

Answer 5

theory that knowledge is gained with previously known ideas/concepts

Question 6

Empiricism

Answer 6

theory that individuals are born with a clean slate and knowledge is gained from experience

Question 7

Associationism

Answer 7

theory that experiences are used to gain knowledge

Question 8

Nativism and Empiricism differ because…

Answer 8

of conflicting approaches to questions about the origins of knowledge.

Question 9

Rationalism and Associationism differ because…

Answer 9

of conflicting approaches to questions about the arrival of knowledge.

Question 10

Chomsky insisted that…

Answer 10

humans are born with language capacity because we have natural mental grammar.

Question 11

Psychology as a science of experimental epistemology…

Answer 11

concentrates on the theory of knowledge in regards to its origins and arrival.

Question 12

Dualism

Answer 12

theory that mind and body are separate entities; tangible (physical body) and intangible (mind)

Question 13

Materialism

Answer 13

only things with physical matter exist; existence of is questionable (minds are result of neural activity)

Question 14

Descartes argued that…

Answer 14

two kinds of substance existed; matter and mind.

Question 15

Psychology as a science of knowing/experiencing…

Answer 15

concentrates on the phenomena of knowing/experiencing without applying strict scientific concepts

Question 16

Knowledge is…

Answer 16

instinctual and universal (birds know to migrate naturally).

Question 17

Experience is…

Answer 17

knowledge gained through interaction with environment (chocolate is sweet because we have tasted it).

Question 18

Scientific Materialism states that…

Answer 18

all that exists is matter in motion. It includes physical variables (mass/length/velocity) and excludes psychological variables.

Question 19

structuralism

Answer 19

psychology should be understood through mind’s individual elements

Question 20

In structuralism, thoughts are separate from feelings which…

Answer 20

are separate from sensations but together make up our complex experiences.

Question 21

Structuralism was established by…

Answer 21

Titchener and Wundt in 1879.

Question 22

behaviorism

Answer 22

psychology should be observable/seen through behavior

Question 23

In behaviorism, behaviors are either…

Answer 23

learned or natural.

Question 24

Behaviorism established by…

Answer 24

Watson in 1913.

Question 25

cognitivism

Answer 25

psychology should be based on attention, memory, perception, and language (information processing)

Question 26

Cognitivism acknowledges…

Answer 26

that there are things that are not observable.

Question 27

In 1913, Neisser…

Answer 27

published Cognitivism.