Nervous system Flashcards
What is the function of the nervous system (3)
Monitor internal and external environments
Process information
Direct behaviour and body procesesses
what are the three main neurones in the nervous system
sensory neuron
interneuron
Motor neuron
Is there a wide variety of neuronal subtypes. true or false
true
What are the two major functional divisons of the nervous system
somatic
Autonomic
Is somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary
voluntary
Is autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
What is located on a neurone (5)
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon Hillock
Axon
Terminal branches
What are the functions of neuro glial cells (8)
support neuronal function s
main the local extracellular environment
local concentration of neurotransmitters
supply nutrients
Support guide neuronal development
stabilise neuronal network
improve communication speeds
Provide immunological defence
What is the central nervous system anatomical divisions
Brain
spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system anatomical divisions
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
What are ganglia part of
and what is it defined as
part of the peripheral nervous system
collection of neuronal cell Bodies
What is the output of the brain
motor pathways
What does the somatic motor pathways control
skeletal muscle
What does the autonomic motor pathways control (4)
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscle
glands
adipose
What is the peripheral nervous system
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
What is the central nervous system
Is the body processing centre
What are the two functional divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic
Parasympathetic
what is included in the sensory nervous system
Somatic sensory
Autonomic sensory
What is included in the motor nervous system
Somatic motor
Autonomic motor
What is parasympathetic
network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress and danger
What is sympathetic
network of nerves that help your body activate it fight or flight response
How many layers are there that protects the brain
three
How is the cerebrospinal fluid produced
Choroid plexuses
tissues of brain
What does the cerebrospinal fluid do (4)
protect medium for brain
protective cushioning
Removal of metabolites
Provide stable ionic environment
What are the folds of the brain called
gyri
What are the creases in-between the brain called
sulci
What are deep sulci called
fissures
What are the five parts of the brain called
Frontal (front)
Parietal (top)
temporal (Sides)
occipital (back)
cerebellum brain stem
What are the names of the main gyri and sulci (4)
Pre central gyrus
Central sulcus
post central gyrus
Lacteal sulus
What is the grey matter of the brain
Cell bodies of neurones and glial cells
What is the white matter of the brain
Axons
What has fibre tract ?
White matter or grey matter
White matter
What does the white matter do
Connects different areas of the brain
What does the frontal lobe do for the body (6)
Planning
Emotions
Moods
Behaviour
motor functions
Smell
What does the parietal lobe do for the body (4)
Touch
pain
Temperature
Sensation
What does the occipital lobe do for the body
Vision
What does the cerebellum do for the body
Balance and coordination
What does the temporal lobe do
Hearing
Language
Memory
What does the insula do (8)
pain processing
Conscious awareness
Tasting
Consciousness
Emotions
audio and visual
Homeostatic error detection
Interoception - atomic sensory motoring, regulation
Where is the Insula located
major fold behind the frontal, parietal and temporal lobe
What cortex is this of the brain
motor control of skeletal muscle
Motor planning
Motor cortex somatic
What cortex is this of the brain
-Input from skin
-input from proprioceptor
-spatial discrimination
Sensory cortex
What cortex of the brain is this
- Mapping visual input
-visual recognition
Visual cortex
What cortex of the brain is this
- pitches, loudness, location
-auditory memory, sound recognition
auditory cortex
What is the Broca area of the brain do
The planning of speech
What is the wenicke area of the brain do
Understanding the recognition of words and meaning
What would the brain do when reading as a flow chart of the main components
visual cortex
wernicke
broca
What is Somatotopy
the mapping of the brains surface sensation onto a structrure in the brain
What does homunculus mean
represent the motor and sensory distribution along cerebral cortex of the brain
What is the most sensory of the brain using the homunculi (3)
Feet
Hands
Face
What is the most motor of the brain using the homunculi (3)
Feet
Hands
FAce
What does the brainstem consist of
midbrain
pons
medulla
What is the brain stem
connects cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum
What is the function of the brain stem (2)
sends signals from brain to the rest of the body.
control subconscious body functions breathing and heart rate
What is reticular formation
group of nuclei in a nucleus a concentration of cell bodies
Function of reticular formation
control the depth of breathing
What are the functions of the cerebellum (4)
control balance
Influence posture
coordination of movement
Motor learning
What are the two pairs of arteries that supply the brain
internal carotid
vertebral
What do the two vertebral arteries join to form
basilar artery
Where does the arteries feed into
circle of Willis location on the base of the brain
What does the circle of willis provide
anastomosis
What is the nervous system
organisation of nerve tissue in the body
Give an anatomical term to describe parasympathetic nervous system
cranio sacral
What is the effect of the heart when parasympathetic nervous system occur
Release hormone acetylcholine to slow heart rate down
What is the effect of the lungs when parasympathetic nervous system occur
Contract smooth muscles of bronchioles to slow rate of breathing and depth
Define parasympathetic nervous system
Relax body after stress or danger
Define sympathetic nervous system
Activate fight or flight response
What is the effect of the heart when sympathetic nervous system
Heart rate increase
What is the effect of the lungs when sympathetic nervous system occur
Increase resistance of flow to the lungs by constricting pulmonary vein
What is the effect of the saliva glands when parasympathetic nervous system occur
stimulate the glands to produce more saliva
What is the effect of the saliva glands when parasympathetic nervous system occur
decrease the amount of saliva and increase protein secretion
what is the relationship between the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal glands
hypothalamus activates the sympathetic and sends autonomic nerves to adrenal glands which respond by pumping hormones into blood stream to control heart rate, blood pressure and body functions.
Location of the sensory homunculi
Post central gyrus
Location of the motor homunculi
Pre central gyrus
The vagus nerve carries major elements of which part of the nervous system
a- somatic nervous system
b- Parasympathetic nervous stystem
c-Central nervous system
d-sympathetic nervous system
b
Which option in the list below describes organs that are controlled by enteric nervous system?
a- small intestines
b- The heart and lungs
c- The eyes and ears
d-Somatic muscles
a
Which statement best describes the role of Broca’s area
a- it is linked to sensory discrimination
b- it is linked to motor control of limbs
c- it is liked to speech production
d- it is liked to comprehension of words
c
What glands does ACTH primarily activate in order to stimulate hormone production
a- gametes
b- thyroid glands
c- adrenal medulla
d- Adrenal cortex
d
Which of the following statement best describes the structure of ganglia
a- ganglia made up of a collection of nerve fibres
b- ganglia are made up of collection of cell bodies
c- ganglia do not contain neurones
d- ganglia are locate in the central nervous system
b
