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Unit 4 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

what endocrine system control

A

hormones

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2
Q

Which system has the quicker response nervous system or endocrine system

A

Nervous system

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3
Q

What type of speed of response is the endocrine system is

A

Can be quite slow could be seconds or days but has a prolonged effect.

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4
Q

What glands are located in the brain (3)

A

Hypothalamus
Pineal
pituitary

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5
Q

What glands are located in the body not included in the brain (6)

A

Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenals
Islets of langerhans
testes or ovaries

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6
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located in the brain

A

between cerebrum and brainstem

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7
Q

what does the hypothalamus regulate (5)

A

temperature
Fluid volume
Growth
Pain/ pleasure
Hunger/thirst

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8
Q

Hypothalamus
Coroticotropin is a hormone
release or inhibit

A

release

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9
Q

Hypothalamus
Thyrotropin is a what hormone
release or inhibit

A

release

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10
Q

Hypothalamus
Growth is a what hormone
release or inhibit

A

release

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11
Q

Hypothalamus
Gonadotropin is a what hormone
release or inhibit

A

release

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12
Q

Hypothalamus
somatostatin is a what hormone
release or inhibit

A

inhibits growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone

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13
Q

where does the pituitary gland sits under what

A

the hypothalamus

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14
Q

what can the pituitary gland be divide into (2)

A

Anterior
Posterior

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15
Q

What type of feedback is it when the hormones increased

A

negative feedback

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16
Q

What type of feedback is it when the hormones decrease

A

Positive feedback

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17
Q

What happens if there is no negative feedback

A

Hormones will be out of control will be hyperproduction

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18
Q

What the anterior pituitary hormones (7) what do some do

A

growth hormone- growth of bone and muscle
Prolactin- stimulate lactation
Stimulate hormones:
Thyroid hormones
Gametes
Sex hormone
Steroid hormone cortisol

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19
Q

what are the posterior pituitary hormones and what they do (2)

A

ADH- acts on kidney, reduce urine
Oxytoxin- act on uterus/ breasts- uterine contraction, milk release

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20
Q

What does the hormone TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) act on and what will it release

A

act on thyroid gland
release thyroid hormones

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21
Q

What will the ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) act on and release

A

Act on the adrenal cortex
release adrenocorticosteroids

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22
Q

What will the FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) work with

A

LH hormone (luteinising Hormone)

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23
Q

What will the FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luiteinizing hormone) and ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) Act on and release

A

Act on testes
Release testosterone

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24
Q

What does the FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luiteinizing hormone) act on and release

A

Act on ovaries and corpus luteum

Ovaries release estrogen
corpus luteum release progesterone

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25
What does the growth hormone act on
bones and tissue
26
What does the prolactin act on
Breast
27
What does the antidiuretic hormone act on
Kidney
28
What does oxytocin act on
Uterus Breast
29
what does the progesterone important for
Menstrual cycle and maintain pregnancy
30
What does the 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D stimulate
Calcium absorption from the intestines
31
What does Renin in the kidney activate
Renin Angiotensin system
32
What does erythropoietin in the kidney do
increase red blood cell production
33
What androgens and testerone useful for in the testes
secondary sexual characteristic sperm production
34
What is released in the thymus
Thymosin and thymopoisin
35
What does the thymus hormones affect
Maturation of T lymphocytes
36
pineal gland what does it secrete
melatonin
37
what is the role of the pineal gland (4)
sleep and wake cycle Body temperature Ageing Fertility
38
What does the thyroid gland produce
thyroid hormone Calcitonin
39
What does the thyroid glands to be able to produce thyroid hormones
Iodine
40
What does the thyroid hormones do (3)
increase metabolic rate increase heat production Regulate metabolism
41
Thyroid what calcitonin hormone do
Lower blood calcium, phosphate levels
42
Thyroid Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) do (3 things)
increase basal metabolic rate increase heat production Regulate metabolism of nutrients
43
Where is the Parathyroid glands located
embedded in the thyroid gland
44
What does parathyroid glands secrete and what does it do
parathyroid hormones which increase blood calcium in blood stream
45
Define hypothalamus
Acts as a control coordinating centre and keep the body in a stable state homeostasis
46
Where are the adrenal glands located
in the kidney
47
Adrenal gland Zona glomerulosa produces what
aldosterone
48
Adrenal gland Zona fasciculata produces
Glucocorticoids
49
Adrenal gland Zona reticular produces
adrenal sex hormones
50
Name the three hormones in the adrenal cortex
Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Adrenal androgens
51
Adrenal cortex What does mineralocorticoids- aldosterone hormone do (2)
Increase absorption of sodium and water Increase secretion of potassium and hydrogens
52
Adrenal cortex Glucocorticoids- Cortisol Hormone do (3)
Regulate Glucose level by increasing it Affects of metabolisms of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids Anti inflammatory action
53
Adrenal cortex Adrenal androgens do
Help with sexual characteristics e.g beards
54
What are the two hormone that are secreted in the adrenal medulla
Epinephrine Norepinephrine
55
What doe the hormone in the adrenal medulla do
- Serve as a neurotransmitter for sympathetic systems - Involved with stress response
56
What does cortisol hormones actions include (5)
Raise blood sugar levels Regulate metabolism and stress responses Breakdown fat and protein Anti inflammatory actions Immune suppression
57
What does aldosterone hormone actions include (3)
maintain salt and water balance Act on kidney to retain water Regulate blood volume and blood pressure
58
Where is the pancreas located
Behind stomach between spleen and duodenum
59
What are the two major functions of the pancreas
Digest enzymes Release two hormones
60
What are the two hormones that are released from the pancreas
Insulin Glucagon
61
decrease glucose level (Hypoglycaemia) in the body what hormone is released from the pancreas
Glucagon
62
What hormone will increase the glucose level by breakdown glycogen to create glucose called a) Glycogenolysis b) Glycogenesis C) Aldersterone
a
63
Too much glucose in the body what hormone is released from the pancreas
Insulin
64
What are the two thing that occur in the release of insulin
Stimulate glucose uptake by cells Stimulate glycogen formation
65
What hormone will decrease the glucose level by stimulate glycogen formation called aGlycogenolysis b) Glycogenesis C) Aldersterone
b
66
What is gluconeogenesis
Transformation of amino acids or proteins, lipids into glucose in the liver
67
What is hyperglycaemic mechanism
The transformation of glycogen into a glucose
68
What is hypoglycaemic process
transformation of glucose into glycogen introduce glucose into cell
69
What is insulin a type of ----------- structure
Protein
70
Which one is of the following is an effect of mineralocorticoids. a- They modify the Ph b- They increase excretion of sodium in the kidney c- They increase retention of H+ d- increase production of urine
a
71
what is the essential production of thyroxine a- adequate levels of iodine in plasma b- The secretion of calcitonin c-The secretion of ACTH d- The secretion of parathyroid hormone
a

Unit 4 (4 decks)

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