Nervous System

Question 1

Human Physiology: What keeps our cells happy? OWN PTR

Answer 1

Homeostasis: ( OWN PTR)
O2,
Water,
Nutrients,
pH ( 7.4),
Temp (37.2C)
Removal of waste ( CO2)

Question 2

How do cells survive? pH

Answer 2

With right environment !
* pH (Acidity and Alkalinity) affect cell function
* Too acidic (acidosis)- neurons unable to send messages
* Too basic (alkalosis) - neurons send uncontrolled messages
* DEATH results if pH levels are out of the range of (6.8 to 8.0)

Question 3

What are 4 parts of CNS? BR + SP C

Answer 3

Cerebrum ( CC BS)
Cerebellum
Br Stem
Sp Cord

Question 4

What makes up PNS? S + A

Answer 4

all N’s o/ side of Sp Cord:
- Somatic N’s
- Autonomic N’s

Question 5

Is somatic NS voluntary ?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What are the 6 groups of Peripheral N’s?

Answer 6

Cranial N’s : (12 pairs
Cervical nerves ( 8 pairs)
Thoracic N’s ( 12 )
Lumbar N’s ( 5 )
Sacral N’s ( 5 )
Coccygeal N ( 1 pair)

Question 7

What are the 4 lobes of the cortex( cerebrum)?

Answer 7

Frontal Lobe ( FPTO)
Parietal Lobe
Tempiral Lobe
Occipital lobe

Primary motor cortex ( in the front)
Central sulcus ( down the midline)
Somatasensory Cortex ( at the upper back)

Question 8

What is function of Somatic NS?

Answer 8

receives SENSORY input and delivers MOTOR muscle output

Question 9

What is received by the dorsal ( back) root of Sp C?

Answer 9

• SENSORY input

Question 10

What is delivered via the ventral ( front) roots of the spinal cord

Answer 10

• MOTOR output to muscles.

Question 11

Is the autonomic NS INVOLUNTARY?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

What are the 2 groups of the Autonomic NS? S + P

Answer 12

• Sympathetic: fight, freeze, flight
• Parasympathetic: digestion, growth, immune responses, energy storage)

Question 13

Brain and body communicate how? …….PSA HHP

Answer 13

• Peripheral Nervous System
• Somatic
• Autonomic
• Hormones
• Hypothalamus & Pituitary
• Pineal gland (melatonin)

Question 14

What does the hypothalamus regulate? HORMONE

Answer 14

Hormone releases from the pituitary

Question 15

What dose the brain need to be happy? 02 +

Answer 15

oxygen & nutrients (glucose) to the brain cells

Question 16

How is the brain cared for and protected? CSF +

Answer 16

• The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
• Glial cells

Question 17

What crosses the BBB? Drugs +

Answer 17

• lipophilic drugs and small uncharged molecules can cross from blood capillaries to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - by diffusion

Question 18

What is the role of TRANSPORTERS in the brain? GLUCOSE +

Answer 18

transports :Important nutrients - amino acids & glucose transported across to CSF

Question 19

How is Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is made ? ( VENTRICLE)

Answer 19

by the choroid plexus (in lateral & third ventricles)
*** There are four ‘ventricles’ (lateral, third, fourth, cerebral aqueduct)

Question 20

What is the role of CSF? ( CUSHION)

Answer 20

to provide nourishment and protection (cushioning) of neural tissue

Question 21

After CSF has done its circuit: what happens? ( RETURN to HRT)

Answer 21

CSF is reabsorbed by the arachnoid villi (of subarachnoid space) into venous blood (return to heart)

Question 22

• What are the 3 cranial and spinal meninges ( PAD)

Answer 22

dura mater,
arachnoid mater,
pia mater.

• they protect CNS

Question 23

Review diagrams!