Nervous System Flashcards
What makes up the cns
Brain and spinal cord
What does somatic innervation innervate
Motor to skeletal muscles
What does autonomic innervation innervate
Cardiac and smooth muscle, glands, adipose tissue, enteric nervous system
What is the main pns excitatory nt
ACh
What are the main cns excitatory nts
Brain - glutamate
Soinal cord - glycine
What is the main inhibitory nt in the cns
GABA
What is the rostral end of the brain
Anterior
What is the caudal end of the brain
Posterior
What are tge 3 primary vesicles during brain development
Procephalon mesencephalon rhombencephalon
What does the procephalon become
Telencephalon and diceohalon
What does the rhombencephalon become
Metencephalon, mylencephalon
What is in the telecephalon
Cerebral hemispheres, caudate nucleus, putamen
What is in the dicephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
What is in the metencephalon
Pons, cerebellum
What is in the myelecephalon
Medulla
What are the cerebral ventricles
Communicating cavities filled w csf
What is the cerebral cortex
Outer layer of cerebellum
What is a gyrus
Ridges of cerebral cortex
What is a sulcus
Valley in cerebral cortex
What does the frontal lobe do
Higher cognitive functions
What does the parietal lobe do
Somatosensory
What does the occipital lobe do
Vision
What does the temporal lobe do
Memory and hearing
What is brocas area for and where is it
Language expression
Frontal lobe
What does wernickes area do and where is it
Language conprehension
Temporal lobe
Where is the pri motor cortex
Frontal lobe
Where is the pri sensory cortex
Parietal lobe
Where is the pri auditory cortex
Temporal lobe
Where is the pri visual cortex
Occipital lobe
What does the posterior parietal cortex do
Spatial awareness of surroundings, selective attention
What does the prefrontal cortex do
Judgement, motor, planning, personality
What is the band of nerves connecting the hemispheres
Corpus callosum
What is the bundle of nerves connecting the temporal lobes
Anterior commissure
What are the inferomedial parts of each hemisphere called
Internal capsule
What does the thalamus do
Relays sensory and motor info to cerebral cortex
What are glial cells
Support cells associated with neurones
What are the cns glial cell types
Astrocytes, microglia, oligodendricytes
What are the pns glial cells
Schwann cells, satellite cells
What do astrocytes do
Physical and nutritional support for neurones
What do microglia do
Specialised microphage
What do oligodendricytes do
Provide myelin insulation to neurones
What do schwann cells do
Myelinate neurones
What do satellite cells do
Physical support for pns neurones
Grey matter
Neuron Cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, synapses, glial cells
White matter
Myelinated axons and oligodendrocytes
What is a nucleus/ganglion/lamina/body/cortex/centre/horn
Grouping of neuronal cell bodies
What is a tract/fasciculus/brachium/peduncle/lemniscus/commissure
Bundke of nerve fibres
What does the cerebrum do
Conscious thought
Intellectual functions
Skeletal muscle
What does the cerebellum do
Coordinates complex somatic motor plans
What does the medulla oblongata do
Relays sensory info
Autonomic centres for visceral function regulation
What does the pons do
Relays sensory indor
Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centres
What does the mesencephalon do
Processes visual and auditory data
Generates reflexive somatic motor responses
Maintains consciousness
What does thalamus do
Relays and processes sensory info
What does the hypothalamus do
Controls emotions, autonomic functions, hormone production
