Nervous System Flashcards
Nervous system can be divided into 2 different components.
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons (CNS)
communication by action potential and neurotransmitter release
Glia cells (CNS)
support cells
Afferent neurons (PNS)
sensory: information goes INTO CNS
Efferent neurons (PNS)
motor and autonomic: information goes OUT of CNS
what do efferent neurons alter the function of?
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle, or organs and glands
ganglia (PNS)
group of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS
The Nervous system can be divided into 2 functional components.
Somatic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
receives sensory information from and controls the function of skeletal muscles of the body. It also has other sensory functions that monitor the external environment (taste, temperature) and sense pain.
Autonomic Nervous System
receives sensory information from and controls the function of glands, vasculature and internal organs. Regulates breathing, BP, feeding, elimination, metabolism, etc.
T/F Both the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System have Peripheral and Central Nervous System components.
TRUE
7 main parts of the CNS
1) Spinal Cord
2) Medulla Oblongata
3) Pons
4) Cerebellum
5) Midbrain
6) Diencephalon
7) Cerebral Hemispheres
Spinal Cord
- C, T, L segments.
- transmits information to: internal organs, muscle, skin, brian
- can process and integrate this information
Medulla Oblongata
- Responsible for controlling autonomic functions: breathing, digestion, and BP
- bidirectional communication with spinal cord, periphery, and other brain regions
- receives sensory information for regulation of balance, movement, BP, etc
T/F Autonomic afferent synapse in the Nucleus of the Solitary tract in the Pons.
FALSE- Medulla oblongata
Pons
Conveys information about movement between the cerebellum and cerebrum. Also involved in control of urination, respiration, and BP
Cerebellum
Important for coordination of movement and for posture and balance
Midbrain
Controls many sensory and motor functions, including eye movement and the coordination of visual and auditory reflexes
Brain Stem is composed of what 3 things and what is it responsible for.
Medulla, pons, and midbrain. BASIC functions (breathing, BP, digestion, elimination; coordinates muscle movement; regulates arousal and awareness)
Diencephalon (2 parts)
Thalamus- processes much of the information reaching the cerebral cortex from the rest of the CNS
Hypothalamus- regulates autonomic, endocrine (horomone), and visceral function
Cerebral Hemispheres
- Cerebral cortex (neocortex): important for generatino of skilled movements, reasoning, learning, and memory. Large surface area
- Subcortical nuclei including basal nuclei (basal ganglia) that are important for control of movement and posture and some aspects of complex behavior
- can also influence autonomic function
Cerebral cortex is divided into 4 lobes
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, and Occipital
Central Sulcus
divides somatosensory cortex from primary motor cortex
Pre-central Gyrus
Primary Motor Cortex
larger areas of the pre-central gyrus=
finer motor control
Post-central Gyrus
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Larger areas of the post-central gyrus=
greater sensitivity
