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HUBS > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is intergration

A

Message sent to the brain. Eg am I hungry, do I want that food, do I want that much food?

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2
Q

What is coordination

A

Your planned response to the problem. Eg preparing to eat, crave another type of food, thoughts on something completely different

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3
Q

What is reponse

A

Your response to the problem eg order food, fk for another kind of food, or walk away

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4
Q

What is you CNS

A

Central nervous system

Consists of brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

What is your CNS consist of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

What is your CNS composed of

A

Neurons and glia

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7
Q

What is your PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

Consist of peripheral nerves and ganglia

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8
Q

What does your PNS consist of

A

Peripheral nerves and ganglia

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9
Q

What is your PNS composed of

A

Neurons and glia

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10
Q

What are neurons

A

Cells specialized for transmission if information

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11
Q

What are neurons

A

Cells specialized for transmission if information

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12
Q

How many types of neurons

A

4 morphological types

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13
Q

What are glia

A

Support for neurons

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14
Q

How many basic types of glia

A

5 - 4 in the CNS and 1 in the PNS

- Each type has a special function

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15
Q

For glia how many of the basic types are found in the CNS and PNS

A

4 in CNS

1 in PNS

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16
Q

Where are dendrites found

A

Around the input area of cell body

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17
Q

What are dendrites function

A

To receive input and send info into cell body

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18
Q

Where is the cell body of the neuron found

A

In the center of the input area

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19
Q

What is the cell body’s features

A

Contains the nucleus and organelles

Sums the input

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20
Q

Where is the axon found

A

The ‘shaft’ of the neuron in the conduction zone

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21
Q

What are the axons features

A

Carries the electrical impulses

May or may not be myelinated

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22
Q

Where are the axon terminals found

A

The output zone of neurons

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23
Q

What is the function of axon terminals

A

Neurontransmittoe release

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24
Q

What is the axon terminals featurea

A

End of axon

Neurotransmitror release

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25
Q

In the central nervous system what are a group of cell bodies called

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

In the central nervous system what are a bundle of axons called

A

Tract

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27
Q

In the central nervous system what are a group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord called

A

Grey matter

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28
Q

In the central nervous system what are a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex spinal cord called

A

White matter

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29
Q

In the PNS what are a group of cell bodies called

A

Ganglion

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30
Q

In the PNS what are a BUNDLE of axons called

A

Nerve

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31
Q

Where is the summation zone

A

Axon hillock

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32
Q

What is the purpose of the summation zone

A

To sum the inputs before the action potential

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33
Q

Where is the axon hillock

A

The top of the axon between the cell body and the axon

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34
Q

Where is the input zone

A

The dendrites and cell body

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35
Q

What is the function of input zone

A

To receive chemical signals from other neurons

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36
Q

Where is the conduction zone found

A

On the axon

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37
Q

What is the function of the conduction zone

A

To carry electrical signals between brains areas and spinal cord or from peripheral sensory receptors to effector cells

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38
Q

Where is the output zone

A

At the axon terminals at bottom on neuron

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39
Q

What is the function of output zone

A

To contact with other inputs zones to release neurotransmitter/chemical signal

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40
Q

What are the 4 different neuron cells

A

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, anaxonic

41
Q

How many processes does the multipolar cell neuron have

A

Multiple processes which emanate from cell body

42
Q

How many processes does the bipolar cell neuron have

A

Two processes emanate from cell body

43
Q

How many processes does the unipolar cell neuron have

A

One process emanates from cell body

44
Q

How many processes does the anaxonic cell neuron have

A

No district axon - all processes look alike

45
Q

What are the 4 CNS glia cells

A

Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oliogodendrocytes

46
Q

What is the features of the astrocytes (glia cell)

A

Supply nutrients to neurons
Ensheath blood capillaries
Injury reponse

47
Q

What are the features of the microglia (glia cell)

A

Immune cells of the CNS

engulf microorganisms and debris

48
Q

What are the features of ependymal cells (glia cells)

A

Line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord

Have cilia which beat rhythmically and in particular direction to circulate the cerebral spinal fluid around the brain

49
Q

What are the features Oligodendrocytes (glia cells)

A

Support nerve fibre

enshaeth them with myelin

50
Q

What is the PNS glia cell

A

Schwann cells

51
Q

What is the schwann cells function (glia cell)

A

To support peripheral nerve fibers

Ensheath them with myelin

52
Q

What is a myelin sheath

A

Lots of glia cells (oliogodendrocytes in CNS and schwann cells is PNS)

53
Q

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath

A

To increase conduction velocity

54
Q

What is nodes of ranvier

A

Gaps between myelin sheath

55
Q

What is synapse

A

A junction between neurons where communication between the two occurs

56
Q

What does pre synaptic neuron mean

A

The neuron Before the synapse

57
Q

What does post synaptic neuron mean

A

The neuron After the synapse

58
Q

What is the information that goes into the brain known as

A

Afferent or ascending

59
Q

What is the reposnse that comes put of the brain known as

A

Efferent or descending

60
Q

What does somatic information mean

A

We are aware of it eg voluntary muscle control

61
Q

What does somatic efferent mean

A

Outgoing information that we are aware of eg going for a run

62
Q

What does somatic afferent mean

A

Incoming information that we are aware of eg sensors

63
Q

What does autonomic information mean

A

The stuff we aren’t aware of/ have not control of

64
Q

What does autonomic efferent mean

A

Outgoing information that we are unaware of

Eg neurons carrying info to contract heartbeat

65
Q

What does autonomic afferent mean

A

Incoming info that we dont know about

Eg blood pressure - our brain knows it but we dont

66
Q

How many neurons involved in the somatic efferent division

A

Two - upper motor neuron (cell body in the brain)and lower motor neuron (cell body in spinal cord)

67
Q

Is the upper motor neuron in the somatic efferent division myelinated

A

Yes

68
Q

Is the lower motor neuron in the somatic efferent division myelinated

A

Yes

69
Q

What are the neurotransmitters involved with somatic efferent

A

Both are acetylcholine(Ach)

70
Q

What is the synapse between neurons and skeletal muscles called

A

Neuromuscular junction

71
Q

What is the effector of the somatic efferent division

A

Skeletal muscle

72
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

73
Q

What are the effectors of the autonomic efferent nervous system

A

Smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose (fat tissue)

74
Q

How many neurons between the brain and the effector of the autonomic efferent nervous system

A

3

75
Q

Are the neurons In the autonomic efferent nervous system myelinated

A

The first two are and the third isn’t

76
Q

What is the ganglion between the second and third neurons of the autonomic efferent nervous system called

A

Autonomic ganglion

77
Q

How long is an action potential completed in

A

2-3 milaseconds

78
Q

What do in channels do

A

Permit selective passages of ions Into and out of the cell

79
Q

The movement of ions results in a current flow and change in transmembrane volatge. This is known as

A

Action potential

80
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin

A

At the foramen magnum

81
Q

Where does the spinal cord end

A

Inferior border 9f the lumbar vertebra

82
Q

What does the spinal cord sit within

A

A sac made of meninges thats in the spinal cavity

83
Q

Where is the spinal cavity

A

Within the vertebrae

84
Q

What is the protective covering I’d the brain called

A

Meninges

85
Q

What are the three layers of protective tissues in the meninges called

A

Durant mater, arachnid, piano mater

86
Q

What is the outermost layer of protective tissue called in the brain

A

Durant mater

87
Q

How many layers are there in Dura mater

A

2

88
Q

What does the space between the two layers of dura mater called

A

Venous sinuses

89
Q

What are the folds formed by the inner layer of the dura mater called

A

Rural folds

90
Q

What is the purpose of the dura mater

A

To separate the major divisions if the brain and provide stability for it

91
Q

What are the three names of the dura folds

A

Flax cerebri, falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli

92
Q

What parts of the brain does the falx cerebri seperate

A

Cerebral hemispheres

93
Q

What parts of the brain does the falx cerebelli seperate

A

Cerebellar hemispheres

94
Q

What parts of the brain does the tentorium cerebelli seperate

A

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum (horizontal)

95
Q

What is the venous sinus

A

The space between the inner and outer layers of the dura mater

96
Q

What is the purpose of the venous sinus

A

To collect things from the veins. Blood from the brain and old CSF

97
Q

What is arachnid mater

A

The middle layer of the meninges

98
Q

What are the two special features of the arachnid mater

A

The subarachnoid space and the arachnid granulations.

99
Q

What is within the subarachnoid space

A

Blood vessels and CSF

HUBS (9 decks)

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