Nervous System Flashcards
What is intergration
Message sent to the brain. Eg am I hungry, do I want that food, do I want that much food?
What is coordination
Your planned response to the problem. Eg preparing to eat, crave another type of food, thoughts on something completely different
What is reponse
Your response to the problem eg order food, fk for another kind of food, or walk away
What is you CNS
Central nervous system
Consists of brain and spinal cord
What is your CNS consist of
Brain and spinal cord
What is your CNS composed of
Neurons and glia
What is your PNS
Peripheral nervous system
Consist of peripheral nerves and ganglia
What does your PNS consist of
Peripheral nerves and ganglia
What is your PNS composed of
Neurons and glia
What are neurons
Cells specialized for transmission if information
What are neurons
Cells specialized for transmission if information
How many types of neurons
4 morphological types
What are glia
Support for neurons
How many basic types of glia
5 - 4 in the CNS and 1 in the PNS
- Each type has a special function
For glia how many of the basic types are found in the CNS and PNS
4 in CNS
1 in PNS
Where are dendrites found
Around the input area of cell body
What are dendrites function
To receive input and send info into cell body
Where is the cell body of the neuron found
In the center of the input area
What is the cell body’s features
Contains the nucleus and organelles
Sums the input
Where is the axon found
The ‘shaft’ of the neuron in the conduction zone
What are the axons features
Carries the electrical impulses
May or may not be myelinated
Where are the axon terminals found
The output zone of neurons
What is the function of axon terminals
Neurontransmittoe release
What is the axon terminals featurea
End of axon
Neurotransmitror release
In the central nervous system what are a group of cell bodies called
Nucleus
In the central nervous system what are a bundle of axons called
Tract
In the central nervous system what are a group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord called
Grey matter
In the central nervous system what are a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex spinal cord called
White matter
In the PNS what are a group of cell bodies called
Ganglion
In the PNS what are a BUNDLE of axons called
Nerve
Where is the summation zone
Axon hillock
What is the purpose of the summation zone
To sum the inputs before the action potential
Where is the axon hillock
The top of the axon between the cell body and the axon
Where is the input zone
The dendrites and cell body
What is the function of input zone
To receive chemical signals from other neurons
Where is the conduction zone found
On the axon
What is the function of the conduction zone
To carry electrical signals between brains areas and spinal cord or from peripheral sensory receptors to effector cells
Where is the output zone
At the axon terminals at bottom on neuron
What is the function of output zone
To contact with other inputs zones to release neurotransmitter/chemical signal
What are the 4 different neuron cells
Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar, anaxonic
How many processes does the multipolar cell neuron have
Multiple processes which emanate from cell body
How many processes does the bipolar cell neuron have
Two processes emanate from cell body
How many processes does the unipolar cell neuron have
One process emanates from cell body
How many processes does the anaxonic cell neuron have
No district axon - all processes look alike
What are the 4 CNS glia cells
Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, oliogodendrocytes
What is the features of the astrocytes (glia cell)
Supply nutrients to neurons
Ensheath blood capillaries
Injury reponse
What are the features of the microglia (glia cell)
Immune cells of the CNS
engulf microorganisms and debris
What are the features of ependymal cells (glia cells)
Line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord
Have cilia which beat rhythmically and in particular direction to circulate the cerebral spinal fluid around the brain
What are the features Oligodendrocytes (glia cells)
Support nerve fibre
enshaeth them with myelin
What is the PNS glia cell
Schwann cells
What is the schwann cells function (glia cell)
To support peripheral nerve fibers
Ensheath them with myelin
What is a myelin sheath
Lots of glia cells (oliogodendrocytes in CNS and schwann cells is PNS)
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath
To increase conduction velocity
What is nodes of ranvier
Gaps between myelin sheath
What is synapse
A junction between neurons where communication between the two occurs
What does pre synaptic neuron mean
The neuron Before the synapse
What does post synaptic neuron mean
The neuron After the synapse
What is the information that goes into the brain known as
Afferent or ascending
What is the reposnse that comes put of the brain known as
Efferent or descending
What does somatic information mean
We are aware of it eg voluntary muscle control
What does somatic efferent mean
Outgoing information that we are aware of eg going for a run
What does somatic afferent mean
Incoming information that we are aware of eg sensors
What does autonomic information mean
The stuff we aren’t aware of/ have not control of
What does autonomic efferent mean
Outgoing information that we are unaware of
Eg neurons carrying info to contract heartbeat
What does autonomic afferent mean
Incoming info that we dont know about
Eg blood pressure - our brain knows it but we dont
How many neurons involved in the somatic efferent division
Two - upper motor neuron (cell body in the brain)and lower motor neuron (cell body in spinal cord)
Is the upper motor neuron in the somatic efferent division myelinated
Yes
Is the lower motor neuron in the somatic efferent division myelinated
Yes
What are the neurotransmitters involved with somatic efferent
Both are acetylcholine(Ach)
What is the synapse between neurons and skeletal muscles called
Neuromuscular junction
What is the effector of the somatic efferent division
Skeletal muscle
What are the two divisions of the autonomic efferent nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the effectors of the autonomic efferent nervous system
Smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose (fat tissue)
How many neurons between the brain and the effector of the autonomic efferent nervous system
3
Are the neurons In the autonomic efferent nervous system myelinated
The first two are and the third isn’t
What is the ganglion between the second and third neurons of the autonomic efferent nervous system called
Autonomic ganglion
How long is an action potential completed in
2-3 milaseconds
What do in channels do
Permit selective passages of ions Into and out of the cell
The movement of ions results in a current flow and change in transmembrane volatge. This is known as
Action potential
Where does the spinal cord begin
At the foramen magnum
Where does the spinal cord end
Inferior border 9f the lumbar vertebra
What does the spinal cord sit within
A sac made of meninges thats in the spinal cavity
Where is the spinal cavity
Within the vertebrae
What is the protective covering I’d the brain called
Meninges
What are the three layers of protective tissues in the meninges called
Durant mater, arachnid, piano mater
What is the outermost layer of protective tissue called in the brain
Durant mater
How many layers are there in Dura mater
2
What does the space between the two layers of dura mater called
Venous sinuses
What are the folds formed by the inner layer of the dura mater called
Rural folds
What is the purpose of the dura mater
To separate the major divisions if the brain and provide stability for it
What are the three names of the dura folds
Flax cerebri, falx cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli
What parts of the brain does the falx cerebri seperate
Cerebral hemispheres
What parts of the brain does the falx cerebelli seperate
Cerebellar hemispheres
What parts of the brain does the tentorium cerebelli seperate
Separates cerebrum from cerebellum (horizontal)
What is the venous sinus
The space between the inner and outer layers of the dura mater
What is the purpose of the venous sinus
To collect things from the veins. Blood from the brain and old CSF
What is arachnid mater
The middle layer of the meninges
What are the two special features of the arachnid mater
The subarachnoid space and the arachnid granulations.
What is within the subarachnoid space
Blood vessels and CSF
