Immunology Flashcards
What is immunuology
The study of an organisms defense system in health and disease
Which three things is the immune system composed of
Organs (eg spleen)
Cells (t cells)
Molecules (eg antibodies)
What is the immune system
An organized system of organs cells and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease
What are the 4 microbes
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa
What are disease causing microbes called
Pathogens
What is a primary lymphoid organ
Produces white blood cells
What is a secondary lymphoid system
Sites where the immune responses are initiated
What is the bone marrow purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary
Produces stem cells which develop into the innate and adaptive cells, primary
What is the thymus purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary
It is the school for white blood cells called t cells.
It is a primary lymphoid organ
The cells learn not to react to own body
Not many ‘pass’
Those that dont pass die
What is the spleen purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary
Site of initiation for immune responses against blood borne pathogens
Secondary
What is the lymph nodes purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary
Loxated along the lymphatic vesselsWhere lymph fluid from blood and tissue is filtered. Site of initiation of immune responses
Secondary
What are the three layers of the immune system
Chemical and physical barriers
Innate arm
Adaptive arm
What is the epidermis (outer) layer if the skin made up of
Dead cells, keratin, phagocytic immune cells
What is the dendritic cell (middle layer) of the skin made up of
Dendritic cells
What is the dermis layer (innermost) made up of
Connective tissue, collagen, and blood vessels and phagocytic immune cells
What does phagocyte mean
A cell that’s a big eater - this means that if there’s a cell that should not be there it will eat it and hopefully destroy it
What does lysozyme on the skin do
Breaks down bacterial walls
What does sebum do
It has a low ph meaning its acidic so will destroy cells
What does salt on th skin do
Will dry out the pathogens
What is the outer layer of the mucous membrane called
Mucus layer
What is the middle layer of the mucous membrane called
Epithelium
What is the inner layer of the mucous membrane called
Fibrous connective tissue
What are the chemical defenses if the skin
Antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme, sebum, salt
What does the epithelium layer of the mucous membrane do
The tightly packed live cells are physical barriers, they get constantly renewed, and have mucous producing goblet cells
Where are mucosal membranes
They line the parts of the body that lead to the outside and are exposed to air
How does the mucociliary elevator work
Cilia move mucous up thr the pharynx (image cilia like villi)
What are the 6 chemical defences of the mucosal surfaces
Stomach has low ph Call bladder, bile microbes cant grow Intestine digestive enzymes that brake down any pathogens that we might eat Mucus traps particles Defensins Lysozyme, tears and urine
What are the two arms of the immune system
Innate and adaptive defences
What are the two parts to the inate defense system
Surface barrier eg skin and mucous membranes
Internal defences eg phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever
What are the two sections of the adaptive defense system
Humural immunity, Bcells
Cellular immunity, t cells
Is inate immunity fast or slow
Fast
Is adaptive immunity fast or slow
Slow
Is innate immunity specific and shows it have memory
No and no
Is adaptive immunity specific and does it have memory
Yes and yes
What is blood composed of
Plasma and cells
What 3 rhings is plasma made up of
Proteins, water and other solutes
What are the 3 types of formed elements in the blood
Platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells
Where di blood cells get made
Bone marrow
What are bone marrow stem cells known as
Hematopoiesis
Are erythroid cells red blood cells or white blood cells
Red blood cells
What are the two types of white blood cells
Myeloid and lymphoid
What are myeloid cells made up of
Granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and platelets
Myeloid cell are mostly innate or adaptive
Innate immune cells
What are lymphoid made up of
B and T lymphocytes
WhT are granulocytes
Cells with lots of granules
What do granulocytes do
They circulate in the blood and can move into tissue during inflammation
