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HUBS > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What is immunuology

A

The study of an organisms defense system in health and disease

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2
Q

Which three things is the immune system composed of

A

Organs (eg spleen)
Cells (t cells)
Molecules (eg antibodies)

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3
Q

What is the immune system

A

An organized system of organs cells and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease

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4
Q

What are the 4 microbes

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa

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5
Q

What are disease causing microbes called

A

Pathogens

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6
Q

What is a primary lymphoid organ

A

Produces white blood cells

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7
Q

What is a secondary lymphoid system

A

Sites where the immune responses are initiated

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8
Q

What is the bone marrow purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

A

Produces stem cells which develop into the innate and adaptive cells, primary

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9
Q

What is the thymus purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

A

It is the school for white blood cells called t cells.
It is a primary lymphoid organ
The cells learn not to react to own body
Not many ‘pass’
Those that dont pass die

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10
Q

What is the spleen purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

A

Site of initiation for immune responses against blood borne pathogens
Secondary

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11
Q

What is the lymph nodes purpose in the lymphoid system and is it primary or secondary

A

Loxated along the lymphatic vesselsWhere lymph fluid from blood and tissue is filtered. Site of initiation of immune responses
Secondary

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12
Q

What are the three layers of the immune system

A

Chemical and physical barriers
Innate arm
Adaptive arm

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13
Q

What is the epidermis (outer) layer if the skin made up of

A

Dead cells, keratin, phagocytic immune cells

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14
Q

What is the dendritic cell (middle layer) of the skin made up of

A

Dendritic cells

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15
Q

What is the dermis layer (innermost) made up of

A

Connective tissue, collagen, and blood vessels and phagocytic immune cells

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16
Q

What does phagocyte mean

A

A cell that’s a big eater - this means that if there’s a cell that should not be there it will eat it and hopefully destroy it

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17
Q

What does lysozyme on the skin do

A

Breaks down bacterial walls

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18
Q

What does sebum do

A

It has a low ph meaning its acidic so will destroy cells

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19
Q

What does salt on th skin do

A

Will dry out the pathogens

20
Q

What is the outer layer of the mucous membrane called

A

Mucus layer

21
Q

What is the middle layer of the mucous membrane called

A

Epithelium

22
Q

What is the inner layer of the mucous membrane called

A

Fibrous connective tissue

23
Q

What are the chemical defenses if the skin

A

Antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme, sebum, salt

24
Q

What does the epithelium layer of the mucous membrane do

A

The tightly packed live cells are physical barriers, they get constantly renewed, and have mucous producing goblet cells

25
Q

Where are mucosal membranes

A

They line the parts of the body that lead to the outside and are exposed to air

26
Q

How does the mucociliary elevator work

A

Cilia move mucous up thr the pharynx (image cilia like villi)

27
Q

What are the 6 chemical defences of the mucosal surfaces

A 
Stomach has low ph
Call bladder, bile microbes cant grow
Intestine digestive enzymes that brake down any pathogens that we might eat
Mucus traps particles
Defensins
Lysozyme, tears and urine
28
Q

What are the two arms of the immune system

A

Innate and adaptive defences

29
Q

What are the two parts to the inate defense system

A

Surface barrier eg skin and mucous membranes

Internal defences eg phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, antimicrobial proteins, fever

30
Q

What are the two sections of the adaptive defense system

A

Humural immunity, Bcells

Cellular immunity, t cells

31
Q

Is inate immunity fast or slow

A

Fast

32
Q

Is adaptive immunity fast or slow

A

Slow

33
Q

Is innate immunity specific and shows it have memory

A

No and no

34
Q

Is adaptive immunity specific and does it have memory

A

Yes and yes

35
Q

What is blood composed of

A

Plasma and cells

36
Q

What 3 rhings is plasma made up of

A

Proteins, water and other solutes

37
Q

What are the 3 types of formed elements in the blood

A

Platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells

38
Q

Where di blood cells get made

A

Bone marrow

39
Q

What are bone marrow stem cells known as

A

Hematopoiesis

40
Q

Are erythroid cells red blood cells or white blood cells

A

Red blood cells

41
Q

What are the two types of white blood cells

A

Myeloid and lymphoid

42
Q

What are myeloid cells made up of

A

Granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells and platelets

43
Q

Myeloid cell are mostly innate or adaptive

A

Innate immune cells

44
Q

What are lymphoid made up of

A

B and T lymphocytes

45
Q

WhT are granulocytes

A

Cells with lots of granules

46
Q

What do granulocytes do

A

They circulate in the blood and can move into tissue during inflammation

HUBS (9 decks)

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