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AnaPhy > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sensory/afferent division?

A

conveys impulses towards the CNS, divided into somatic and visceral nerves

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2
Q

What is the motor/efferent division?

A

conveys impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands, produces action, divided into somatic and autonomic

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3
Q

What is the somatic efferent division?

A

controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

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4
Q

What is the autonomic efferent division?

A

controls the involuntary movements such as the smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands, divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

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5
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

supporting cells of neurons, composed of different types

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6
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

most abundant neuroglia, forms the blood-brain barrier

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7
Q

What are microglia?

A

removes bacteria and cell debris from the CNS

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8
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

produce and circulates cerebrospinal fluid

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9
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

forms the myelin sheath

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10
Q

What are the dendrite endings of the sensory neurons?

A

receptors, divided into skin receptors, muscle and tendon receptors, and pain receptors

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11
Q

What are cutaneous sense organs?

A

sensory receptors in the skin

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12
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

sensory receptors of the muscles and tendons

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13
Q

What are interneurons?

A

connects the motor and sensory neurons

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14
Q

What are reflexes?

A

rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses

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15
Q

What neural pathways do reflexes occur in?

A

Reflex arcs, it involves CNS and PNS

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16
Q

What are somatic reflexes?

A

all reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

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17
Q

What are autonomic reflexes?

A

regulates body functions such as digestion, elimination, blood pressure, and sweating

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18
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

controls speech, memory, logical and emotional responses, consciousness, the interpretation of sensation, and voluntary movements

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19
Q

What is the primary somatic sensory area?

A

located in parietal lobe, allows one to recognize pain, differences in temperature, or a light touch

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20
Q

What is the primary motor area?

A

located in the frontal lobe, allows one to consciously move the skeletal muscles

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21
Q

What is the pyramidal tract/contricospinal tract?

A

the major voluntary motor tract

22
Q

What is broca’s area?

A

crotical area involved in the ability to speak

23
Q

What is the anterior association area?

A

involved in higher intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behavior

24
Q

What is the posterior association area?

A

recognizing patterns and faces, speech area

25
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

collective term of the left and right hemispheres

26
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

connects the left and right hemispheres

27
Q

What are association fiber tracks?

A

connects areas within a hemisphere

28
Q

What are projection fiber tracks?

A

connects the cerebrum with the lower CNS centers

29
Q

What are basal nuclei?

A

regulates voluntary motor activities by modifying instructions

30
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

influences mood and detects pain, relay station for sensory impulses

31
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

controls the pituitary gland, thirst, appetite, sex, pain, and pleasure, homeostasis

32
Q

What are mamillary bodies?

A

reflex centers involves in olfaction

33
Q

What is the epithalamus?

A

emotional and visceral response to odors (memory attached to smells)

34
Q

What is the medulla oblongata?

A

fuses with spinal cord, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, where motor tracts cross over

35
Q

What is the pons?

A

involved in breathing, salivating, swallowing, chewing

36
Q

What is the midbrain?

A

vision and hearing

37
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

involved in sleep-wake cycle, walking, respiration, arousing and maintaining consciousness

38
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

below cerebrum, controls balance, coordinated movement, fine motor movement

39
Q

What are the three connective tissues covering protecting the CNS structures?

A

meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater)

40
Q

What is the dura mater?

A

superficial layer of the meninges, thick

41
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A

middle layer, looks like a cobweb

42
Q

What is the pia mater?

A

third layer, surface of the brain

43
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

produces CSF

44
Q

What is CSF?

A

watery cushion that protects the CNS

45
Q

What is a concussion?

A

brain injury is slight

46
Q

What is a contusion?

A

marked tissue destruction

47
Q

What are cerebrovascular accidents?

A

strokes, blood circulation to a brain area is blocked

48
Q

What causes a left side body paralysis?

A

damage to right motor cortex

49
Q

What causes aphasia?

A

damage to left cerebral hemisphere

50
Q

What is transient ischemic attack?

A

temporary brain ischemia, restricted blood flow

AnaPhy (7 decks)

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