nervous system

Question 1

what is the sensory/afferent division?

Answer 1

conveys impulses towards the CNS, divided into somatic and visceral nerves

Question 2

What is the motor/efferent division?

Answer 2

conveys impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands, produces action, divided into somatic and autonomic

Question 3

What is the somatic efferent division?

Answer 3

controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

Question 4

What is the autonomic efferent division?

Answer 4

controls the involuntary movements such as the smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands, divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

What are neuroglia?

Answer 5

supporting cells of neurons, composed of different types

Question 6

What are astrocytes?

Answer 6

most abundant neuroglia, forms the blood-brain barrier

Question 7

What are microglia?

Answer 7

removes bacteria and cell debris from the CNS

Question 8

What are ependymal cells?

Answer 8

produce and circulates cerebrospinal fluid

Question 9

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 9

forms the myelin sheath

Question 10

What are the dendrite endings of the sensory neurons?

Answer 10

receptors, divided into skin receptors, muscle and tendon receptors, and pain receptors

Question 11

What are cutaneous sense organs?

Answer 11

sensory receptors in the skin

Question 12

What are proprioceptors?

Answer 12

sensory receptors of the muscles and tendons

Question 13

What are interneurons?

Answer 13

connects the motor and sensory neurons

Question 14

What are reflexes?

Answer 14

rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses

Question 15

What neural pathways do reflexes occur in?

Answer 15

Reflex arcs, it involves CNS and PNS

Question 16

What are somatic reflexes?

Answer 16

all reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles

Question 17

What are autonomic reflexes?

Answer 17

regulates body functions such as digestion, elimination, blood pressure, and sweating

Question 18

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 18

controls speech, memory, logical and emotional responses, consciousness, the interpretation of sensation, and voluntary movements

Question 19

What is the primary somatic sensory area?

Answer 19

located in parietal lobe, allows one to recognize pain, differences in temperature, or a light touch

Question 20

What is the primary motor area?

Answer 20

located in the frontal lobe, allows one to consciously move the skeletal muscles

Question 21

What is the pyramidal tract/contricospinal tract?

Answer 21

the major voluntary motor tract

Question 22

What is broca’s area?

Answer 22

crotical area involved in the ability to speak

Question 23

What is the anterior association area?

Answer 23

involved in higher intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behavior

Question 24

What is the posterior association area?

Answer 24

recognizing patterns and faces, speech area

Question 25

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 25

collective term of the left and right hemispheres

Question 26

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 26

connects the left and right hemispheres

Question 27

What are association fiber tracks?

Answer 27

connects areas within a hemisphere

Question 28

What are projection fiber tracks?

Answer 28

connects the cerebrum with the lower CNS centers

Question 29

What are basal nuclei?

Answer 29

regulates voluntary motor activities by modifying instructions

Question 30

What is the thalamus?

Answer 30

influences mood and detects pain, relay station for sensory impulses

Question 31

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 31

controls the pituitary gland, thirst, appetite, sex, pain, and pleasure, homeostasis

Question 32

What are mamillary bodies?

Answer 32

reflex centers involves in olfaction

Question 33

What is the epithalamus?

Answer 33

emotional and visceral response to odors (memory attached to smells)

Question 34

What is the medulla oblongata?

Answer 34

fuses with spinal cord, regulates heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, vomiting, where motor tracts cross over

Question 35

What is the pons?

Answer 35

involved in breathing, salivating, swallowing, chewing

Question 36

What is the midbrain?

Answer 36

vision and hearing

Question 37

What is the reticular formation?

Answer 37

involved in sleep-wake cycle, walking, respiration, arousing and maintaining consciousness

Question 38

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 38

below cerebrum, controls balance, coordinated movement, fine motor movement

Question 39

What are the three connective tissues covering protecting the CNS structures?

Answer 39

meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater)

Question 40

What is the dura mater?

Answer 40

superficial layer of the meninges, thick

Question 41

What is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 41

middle layer, looks like a cobweb

Question 42

What is the pia mater?

Answer 42

third layer, surface of the brain

Question 43

What is the choroid plexus?

Answer 43

produces CSF

Question 44

What is CSF?

Answer 44

watery cushion that protects the CNS

Question 45

What is a concussion?

Answer 45

brain injury is slight

Question 46

What is a contusion?

Answer 46

marked tissue destruction

Question 47

What are cerebrovascular accidents?

Answer 47

strokes, blood circulation to a brain area is blocked

Question 48

What causes a left side body paralysis?

Answer 48

damage to right motor cortex

Question 49

What causes aphasia?

Answer 49

damage to left cerebral hemisphere

Question 50

What is transient ischemic attack?

Answer 50

temporary brain ischemia, restricted blood flow