Nervous Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous system

A
brain, spinal chord, neurons
detects stimuli (change in environment, could be internal too) and responds to it
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2
Q

Central nervous system

A

brain and spinal chord

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3
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves

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4
Q

Voluntary responses

A

conscious decision to have a response

eg. smiling

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5
Q

Involuntary response

A

automatic response when the brain receives a nerve impulse

eg. sweating in response to higher body temp

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6
Q

Types of neurons

A
  • sensory neurons
  • motor neurons
  • relay neurons
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7
Q

Sensory neurons

A

carries nerve impulses away away from receptor (to the central nervous system) cells when stimulus is detected

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8
Q

Structures in a neuron

- Dendrites

A

receives signal from receptor cells

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9
Q

Structures in a neuron

- cell body

A

contains the nucleus

controls functions of the cell

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10
Q

Structures in a neuron

- axon terminals

A

pass impulses to other neurons

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11
Q

Structures in a neuron

- dendron

A

transmits nerve impulses towards the cell body

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12
Q

Structures in a neuron

- axon

A

transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body

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13
Q

Relay neurons

A

Carries nerve impulses from sensory to motor neurons (in the spinal chord)
also found in the brain

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14
Q

Motor neurons

A

carries nerve impulses from the brain/spinal chord to effectors (muscles, glands etc)

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15
Q

The Synapse

A

Junctions between two neurons

allows impulse to travel from axon terminal of one neuron to a dendrite in another

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16
Q

neurotransmitters

A

A substance that allows the transmission of information across a synaptic gap
(in the vesicles)

17
Q

What happens when a nerve impulse arrives at the axon terminal of a neuron

A
  1. Vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft
  2. The neurotransmitters travel across the gap by diffusion
  3. The neurotransmitters bind with receptor molecules on the dendrite of the other neuron
  4. A nerve impulse is triggered in this neuron
18
Q

Reflex actions

A
  • automatic
  • rapid
  • innate
19
Q

Reflex arc

A

receptor → sensory neuron → relay neuron → motor neuron → effector

20
Q

Receptors

A

cells that detect stimuli

your senses

21
Q

Effectors

A

a muscle or a gland that produces a response to a stimuli