Diseases and immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathogen

A

any organisms that cause diseases

bacteria, fungi, protoctists

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2
Q

Transmissible disease

A

a disease in which a pathogen can be passed from one host to another

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3
Q

methods of transmission

A
  • direct contact through body fluids (i.e. blood)

- indirect contact (air, food etc)

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4
Q

Defense against pathogens - Mechanical barriers

A

Physically block pathogens from entering the body

- skin, mucus membrane, fluids like urine/tears

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5
Q

Defense against pathogens - chemical barrier

A

Substances that trap & kill pathogens on body surfaces

  • mucous membranes (lining of your gut/lungs)
  • stomach acid
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6
Q

Immune system

A

detects and destroys pathogens after it`s gained entry to the body

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7
Q

Function of white blood cells

A
  • phagocytosis
    (white blood cells/phagocytes engulfs and destroys pathogens)
  • produces antibodies
    (proteins which attach to pathogens and so mark them for destruction)
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8
Q

What does a vaccine do

A

injecting someone with a harmless version of a pathogen or its antigens, primes the immune system so that it can mount a rapid and large response to a pathogen entering the body

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9
Q

Antigens *

A

a substance that induces an immune response

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10
Q

Antibodies *

A

proteins produced by lymphocytes (type of white blood cell)

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11
Q

Once the antibody is attached to an antigen it can:

A
  • mark the pathogen for phagocytosis

- cause the pathogen to break open and die

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12
Q

Memory cells *

A

*

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13
Q

Vaccines *

A

*

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14
Q

Antibodies *

A

*

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