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NPTE > Nervous and Neuromuscular Systems > Flashcards

Nervous and Neuromuscular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

CNS Components (brain)

A
  • Prosencephalon (forebrain)
  • Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  • Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
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2
Q

CNS Components (prosencephalon)

A
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
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3
Q

CNS Components (mesencephalon)

A
  • Tectum
  • Tegmentum
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4
Q

CNS Components (rhombencephalon)

A
  • Metencephalon
  • Myelencephalon
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5
Q

CNS Components (brainstem)

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla Oblongata
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6
Q

CNS Components (Telencephalon)

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Hippocampus
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Amygdala
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7
Q

CNS Components (Diencephalon)

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Subthalamus
  • Epithalamus
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8
Q

CNS Components (Tectum)

A
  • Superior colliculi
  • Inferior colliculi
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9
Q

CNS Components (Tegmentum)

A
  • Cerebral aqueduct
  • Periaqueductal gray
  • Reticular formation
  • Substantia nigra
  • Red nucleus
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10
Q

CNS Components (Metencephalon)

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Pons
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11
Q

CNS Components (Myelencephalon)

A
  • Medulla oblongata
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12
Q

Limbic System Components (10)

A
  • Corpus callosum
  • Olfactory tract
  • Mammillary bodies
  • Fornix
  • Thalamic nuclei
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
  • Parahippocampal gyrus
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • Hypothalamic nuclei
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13
Q

Basal Ganglia Components

A
  • Caudate
  • Putamen
  • Globus Pallidus
  • Substantia nigra
  • Subthalamic nuclei
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14
Q

ACA Blood Supply to the Brain

A
  • Anterior Frontal lobe
  • Medial surface of the Frontal and Parietal lobes
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15
Q

MCA Blood Supply to the Brain

A
  • Most of outer Cerebrum
  • Basal ganglia
  • Posterior and anterior Internal capsule
  • Putamen
  • Pallidum
  • Lentiform nucleus
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16
Q

PCA Blood Supply to the Brain

A
  • Portion of midbrain
  • Subthalamic nucleus
  • Basal nucleus
  • Thalamus
  • Inferior Temoral lobe
  • Occipital and Occipitoparietal cortices
17
Q

Vertebral-Basilar Blood Supply to the Brain

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla
  • Pons
  • Midbrain and thalamus
  • Occipital cortex
18
Q

S&S of Meningitis

A
  • Fever, headache, & vomiting
  • Complaints of stiff and painful neck, nuchal rigidity
  • Pain in the lumbar area and posterior thigh
  • Brudzinski’s sign (flexion of the neck facilitates flexion of the hips and knees)
  • Kernig’s sign (pain with hip flexion combined with knee extension)
  • Sensitivity to light
19
Q

S&S of Hydrocephalus

A
  • Enlarged head or bluging fontanelles in infants
  • Headache
  • Changes in vision
  • Large veins noted on scalp
  • Behavioral changes
  • Seizures
  • Alternation in appetite, vomiting
  • “Sun setting” sign or downward deviation of the eyes
  • Incontinence
20
Q

Alpha Nerve Fibers

A

Alpha motor neurons, muscle spindle primary endings, Glogi tendon organs, touch

21
Q

Beta Nerve Fibers

A

Touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings

22
Q

Gamma Nerve Fibers

A

Touch, pressure, gamma motor neurons

23
Q

Delta Nerve Fibers

A

Pain, touch, pressure, temperature

24
Q

Spinal level for Abdominal reflex

A

T8-L1

25
Q

Spinal level for Corneal “blink” reflex

A

trigeminal and facial n.

26
Q

Spinal level for Cremasteric reflex

A

L1/L2

27
Q

Spinal level for Gag reflex

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus n.

28
Q

Spinal level for Plantar reflex

A

L5/S1

29
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Anterior Horn Cell

A

Sensory component intact

Motor weakness and atrophy

Fasciculations

Decreased DTRs

30
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Muscle

A

Sensory component intact

Motor weakness; fasciculations are rare

Normal or decreased DTRs

31
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Neuromuscular Junction

A

Sensory component intact

Motor fatigue is greater than actual weakness

Normal DTRs

32
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Peripheral Nerve

A

Sensory loss along the nerve route

Motor weakness and atrophy in a peripheral distribution; may have fasciculations

33
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Peripheral Polyneuropathy

A

Sensory impairments; “stocking glove” distribution

Motor weakness and atrophy; weaker distally than proximally; may have fasciculaitons

Decreased DTRs

34
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Pathology Profile for Spinal Roots and Nerves

A

Sensory component will have corresponding dermatomal deficits

Motor weakness in an innervated pattern; may have fasciculations

Decreased DTRs

35
Q

Characteristics of Peripheral Vertigo

A

Episodic and short duration

Autonomic symptoms present

Precipitating factor

Pallor, sweating

Nausea and vomiting

Auditory fullness (within ears)

Tinnitus

36
Q

Characteristics of Central Vertigo

A

Autonomic symptoms less severe

Loss of consciousness can occur

Neurological symptoms present including:

  • diplopia
  • hemianopsia
  • weakness
  • numbness
  • ataxia
  • dysarthria
37
Q

Characteristics of Central Nystagmus

A

Either bidirectional or unidirectional

No inhibition with fixation

Mild vertigo

Symptoms may be chronic

Etiology: demyelination of nerves, vascular lesion, cancer/tumor

38
Q

Characteristics of Peripheral Nystagmus

A

Unidirectional with the fast segment of movement indicating the opposite direction of lesion

Visual fixation with inhibit nystagmus and vertigo

Significant vertigo

Symptoms can last minutes, days, weeks, but finite period of time; recurrent

Etiology: Meniere’s disease, vascular disorders, trauma, toxicity, infection of inner ear

39
Q
A

NPTE (20 decks)

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