Endocrine System Pathology

Question 1

Addison’s Disease

Answer 1

• Hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
• Hypotension, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, and altered pigmentation
• If left untreated this condition will result in shock and possible death

Question 2

Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 2

• Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex
• Persistent hyperglycemia, growth failure, truncal obesity, purple abdominal striae, “moon shaped face”, “buffalo hump”, weakness, acne, hypertension, and male gynecomastia
• Mental changes can include depression, poor concentration, and memory loss

Question 3

Hypothyroidism

Answer 3

• Fatigue, weakness, decreased heart rate, weight gain, constipation, delayed puberty, and retarded growth/development

Question 4

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

• Increase in nervousness, excessive sweating, weight loss, incease in blood pressure, exophthalmos, myopathy, and chronic periarthritis

Question 5

Graves’ Disease

Answer 5

• Most specific cause of hyperthyroidism

- Mild enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter), heat intolerance, nervousness, weight loss, tremor, and palpitations

Question 6

Hypopapthyroidism

Answer 6

• Hypocalcemia, neurological symptoms (seizures), cognitive defects, short stature, tetany (life-threatening) muscle spasms, muscle spasms, muscle pain, and cramps

Question 7

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 7

• Renal stones and kideny damage, depression, memory loss, muscle wasting, bone deformity, and myopathy

Question 8

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 8

• Rapid onset of symptoms, polyphagia, weight loss, ketoacidosis, polyuria, polydipsia, blurred vision, dehydration, and fatigue

Question 9

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 9

• Rapid onset of symptoms, polyphagia, weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, blurred vision, dehydration, and fatigue
• NOTE THE ABSENCE OF KETOACIDOSIS