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Grade 12- Semester Two > Nervous and Endocrine System > Flashcards

Nervous and Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Stimulus

A

change in environment

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2
Q

brain stem- what does it do?

A

ctonrol your body’s involuntary actions

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3
Q

brain stem includes the…

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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4
Q

synapse

A

area where a neuron transfers an impulse to another cell

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5
Q

CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

what type of neuron transmits a nerve impulse from the brain or spinal cord out to an effector

A

motor neuron

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7
Q

largest part of brain

A

cerebrum

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8
Q

cerebrum

A

controls voluntary actions of brain

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9
Q

association areas

A

part of cerebrum that alayzes and interprets sensory experiences

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10
Q

broca’s area

A

coordinates muscular actions of mouth

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11
Q

cerebral cortex

A

part of brain is thin layer of gray atter and contains about 75% of all neuron cell bodies in nervous system

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12
Q

midbrain

A

responsible for moving the eyes to view something and hear sounds more disctinctly

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

helps with balance

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14
Q

peripheral nervous system parts

A

somatic and autonomic

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15
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary actions and consists of nerve fibers that connect CNS to skin and muscle

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16
Q

autonomic NS

A

controls involuntary actions and includes nerve fibers that connect CNS to heart, stomach, etc.

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17
Q

peripherial nervous system consists of what

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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18
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are ther ein PNS

A

31

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19
Q

ventral root and dorsal root unite to form what

A

spinal nerve

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20
Q

ventral root

A

motor branch of spinal nerve

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21
Q

dorsal root

A

sensory branch of spinal nerve

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22
Q

brachial plexus

A

located deep within shoulders and includes many nerves

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23
Q

lumbosacral plexus

A

associalted with muscles and skin of abdominal wall, thighs, legs, etc.

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24
Q

plexus

A

system network of nerves or blood vessels

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25
Q

autonomic nervous system is divided into

A

sympathetic and parasympathtic divisions

26
Q

sympathetic division

A

prepares body for stsressful situations

27
Q

parasympathetic division

A

restores body to resting state following stressful situations

28
Q

meninges

A

composed of 3 membranes that cover and protect the brain adn spinal cord

29
Q

dura mater

A

Outermost layer of the meninges. Made of white tough fibrous connective tissue and contains many blood vessels and nerves

30
Q

pia mater

A

Very thin layer of meninges that has many nerves and blood vessels that nourish underlying cells of the brain and spinal cord.

31
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Layer of the meninges that is a thin, weblike membrane. Lacks blood vessels and is located between the dura and pia maters.

32
Q

Nerve impulse

A

wave of action potential

33
Q

When a neuron is at resting potential(polarized state of neruon), does it have a positive or negative charge outside the cell membrane?

A

-

34
Q

If a neuron is unmyelinated, the action potential or nerve impulse occurs across the entire surface of the axon. However, where do action potentials/nerve impulses occur along an axon that is covered with myelin?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

35
Q

exitatory neurotransmitters

A

trigger nerve impulses

36
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

inhibit nerve impulses

37
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter that simulates SKELTAL contractions

38
Q

Two pyramid-shaped glands that sit on top of the kidneys and help the body prepare for and deal with stress by
releasing epinephrine into the blood.

A

adrenal gland

39
Q

Produces insulin and glucagon; located behind the stomach

A

pancreas

40
Q

Regulates blood calcium levels

A

paratyroid glands

41
Q

Wraps around the trachea and controls the body’s metabolism

A

thyroid gland

42
Q

secretes the hormones oxytocin, growth hormone, and MSH

A

pituatary gland

43
Q

Chemicals that travel through the bloodstream

A

hormones

44
Q

Thyroid gland produces too little thyroxine

A

hypothyroidism

45
Q

Located in the brain and controls the secretions of the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

Thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine

A

hyperthyroideism

47
Q

Release their hormones directly into the bloodstream

A

endocrine glands

48
Q

Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone

A

target cells

49
Q

A hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor

A

oxytocin

50
Q

A hormone that stimulates the liver to break down fats and release sugar into the bloodstream

A

insulin

51
Q

A hormone that stimulates muscle and liver cells to remove sugar from the blood and store it as fat

A

glucagon

52
Q

four lobes of brain

A

frontal, perietal, temporal, occipital

53
Q

which side of brain is dominant for the language related actvities

A

left

54
Q

two types of cranial nerves and functions

A

sensory- carry impulse to brain; motor- carry impulse to the body

55
Q

cervial- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

A

8

56
Q

thoarcic- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

A

12

57
Q

lumbar- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

A

5

58
Q

sacral- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

A

5

59
Q

coccygeal- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

A

1

60
Q

knee jerk reflex- explain

A
  1. strikes patellar ligament
  2. quadricepts femoris pulled slightely, stimulating stretch recepters within the muscles
  3. trigger senory neuron travels through spinal cord
  4. sensory axon forms a synapse with a motor neuron and travels to quadicps femorals
  5. muscle contrats and leg stends
61
Q

larger or smaller = faster nerve impulse?

A

larger

62
Q

6 events that lead to release of neurotransmitter

A
  1. action potential passes along nerve fiber and over synaptic knob
  2. synaptic knob membrane becomes more permeable to calcium ions and diffuse inward
  3. synaptic cesicles fuse to synaptic knob membrane
  4. synaptic vessicles release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft
    5 synaose vesicles reenter cytoplasm and pick up more neurotransmitters
  5. neurotransmitter decomposed

Grade 12- Semester Two (10 decks)

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