Nervous and Endocrine System

Question 1

Stimulus

Answer 1

change in environment

Question 2

brain stem- what does it do?

Answer 2

ctonrol your body’s involuntary actions

Question 3

brain stem includes the…

Answer 3

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 4

synapse

Answer 4

area where a neuron transfers an impulse to another cell

Question 5

CNS consists of

Answer 5

brain and spinal cord

Question 6

what type of neuron transmits a nerve impulse from the brain or spinal cord out to an effector

Answer 6

motor neuron

Question 7

largest part of brain

Answer 7

cerebrum

Question 8

cerebrum

Answer 8

controls voluntary actions of brain

Question 9

association areas

Answer 9

part of cerebrum that alayzes and interprets sensory experiences

Question 10

broca’s area

Answer 10

coordinates muscular actions of mouth

Question 11

cerebral cortex

Answer 11

part of brain is thin layer of gray atter and contains about 75% of all neuron cell bodies in nervous system

Question 12

midbrain

Answer 12

responsible for moving the eyes to view something and hear sounds more disctinctly

Question 13

cerebellum

Answer 13

helps with balance

Question 14

peripheral nervous system parts

Answer 14

somatic and autonomic

Question 15

somatic nervous system

Answer 15

controls voluntary actions and consists of nerve fibers that connect CNS to skin and muscle

Question 16

autonomic NS

Answer 16

controls involuntary actions and includes nerve fibers that connect CNS to heart, stomach, etc.

Question 17

peripherial nervous system consists of what

Answer 17

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 18

how many pairs of spinal nerves are ther ein PNS

Answer 18

31

Question 19

ventral root and dorsal root unite to form what

Answer 19

spinal nerve

Question 20

ventral root

Answer 20

motor branch of spinal nerve

Question 21

dorsal root

Answer 21

sensory branch of spinal nerve

Question 22

brachial plexus

Answer 22

located deep within shoulders and includes many nerves

Question 23

lumbosacral plexus

Answer 23

associalted with muscles and skin of abdominal wall, thighs, legs, etc.

Question 24

plexus

Answer 24

system network of nerves or blood vessels

Question 25

autonomic nervous system is divided into

Answer 25

sympathetic and parasympathtic divisions

Question 26

sympathetic division

Answer 26

prepares body for stsressful situations

Question 27

parasympathetic division

Answer 27

restores body to resting state following stressful situations

Question 28

meninges

Answer 28

composed of 3 membranes that cover and protect the brain adn spinal cord

Question 29

dura mater

Answer 29

Outermost layer of the meninges. Made of white tough fibrous connective tissue and contains many blood vessels and nerves

Question 30

pia mater

Answer 30

Very thin layer of meninges that has many nerves and blood vessels that nourish underlying cells of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 31

Arachnoid mater

Answer 31

Layer of the meninges that is a thin, weblike membrane. Lacks blood vessels and is located between the dura and pia maters.

Question 32

Nerve impulse

Answer 32

wave of action potential

Question 33

When a neuron is at resting potential(polarized state of neruon), does it have a positive or negative charge outside the cell membrane?

Answer 33

-

Question 34

If a neuron is unmyelinated, the action potential or nerve impulse occurs across the entire surface of the axon. However, where do action potentials/nerve impulses occur along an axon that is covered with myelin?

Answer 34

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 35

exitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 35

trigger nerve impulses

Question 36

inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 36

inhibit nerve impulses

Question 37

acetylcholine

Answer 37

neurotransmitter that simulates SKELTAL contractions

Question 38

Two pyramid-shaped glands that sit on top of the kidneys and help the body prepare for and deal with stress by releasing epinephrine into the blood.

Answer 38

adrenal gland

Question 39

Produces insulin and glucagon; located behind the stomach

Answer 39

pancreas

Question 40

Regulates blood calcium levels

Answer 40

paratyroid glands

Question 41

Wraps around the trachea and controls the body’s metabolism

Answer 41

thyroid gland

Question 42

secretes the hormones oxytocin, growth hormone, and MSH

Answer 42

pituatary gland

Question 43

Chemicals that travel through the bloodstream

Answer 43

hormones

Question 44

Thyroid gland produces too little thyroxine

Answer 44

hypothyroidism

Question 45

Located in the brain and controls the secretions of the pituitary gland

Answer 45

hypothalamus

Question 46

Thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine

Answer 46

hyperthyroideism

Question 47

Release their hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 47

endocrine glands

Question 48

Cells that have receptors for a particular hormone

Answer 48

target cells

Question 49

A hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor

Answer 49

oxytocin

Question 50

A hormone that stimulates the liver to break down fats and release sugar into the bloodstream

Answer 50

insulin

Question 51

A hormone that stimulates muscle and liver cells to remove sugar from the blood and store it as fat

Answer 51

glucagon

Question 52

four lobes of brain

Answer 52

frontal, perietal, temporal, occipital

Question 53

which side of brain is dominant for the language related actvities

Answer 53

left

Question 54

two types of cranial nerves and functions

Answer 54

sensory- carry impulse to brain; motor- carry impulse to the body

Question 55

cervial- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

Answer 55

8

Question 56

thoarcic- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

Answer 56

12

Question 57

lumbar- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

Answer 57

5

Question 58

sacral- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

Answer 58

5

Question 59

coccygeal- how many pairs of these nerves do we have?

Answer 59

1

Question 60

knee jerk reflex- explain

Answer 60

1. strikes patellar ligament 2. quadricepts femoris pulled slightely, stimulating stretch recepters within the muscles 3. trigger senory neuron travels through spinal cord 4. sensory axon forms a synapse with a motor neuron and travels to quadicps femorals 5. muscle contrats and leg stends

Question 61

larger or smaller = faster nerve impulse?

Answer 61

larger

Question 62

6 events that lead to release of neurotransmitter

Answer 62

1. action potential passes along nerve fiber and over synaptic knob 2. synaptic knob membrane becomes more permeable to calcium ions and diffuse inward 3. synaptic cesicles fuse to synaptic knob membrane 4. synaptic vessicles release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft 5 synaose vesicles reenter cytoplasm and pick up more neurotransmitters 6. neurotransmitter decomposed