Nervous Flashcards
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Supporting Cells
Glial
highly specialized cells that transmit messages (nerve impulses) from one part of
the body to another.
Neurons
metabolic center of the neuron.
Nissl bodies,
and neurofibrils
Those that generate nerve impulses and
typically conduct them away from the cell body
Axons
terminals contain hundreds of tiny vesicles, or membranous sacs, that contain chemicals
neurotransmitters
Neuron processes that convey incoming messages (electrical
signals) toward the cell body
Dendrites
Most long nerve fibers are covered with a
whitish, fatty material
myelin,
Each axon terminal is separated from the next neuron by a tiny gap
synaptic
cleft
Neurons of the sensory cortex that actually localize and interpret
the sensation. As impulses surge through the thalamus, the
sensation we are about to have is pleasant or unpleasant.
THALAMUS
A part of the limbic system, or emotional-visceral brain, is
influenced by the autonomic center. Regulates body temperature,
water balance, and metabolism.
HYPOTHALAMUS
The epithalamus plays a role in emotional responses and the
regulation of circadian rhythms. The Pineal gland secretes the
hormone melatonin and regulates sleep-wake cycles,
EPITHALAMUS
produced by choroid plexus
CSF or cerebrospinal fluid
Visual and auditory hearing
MIDBRAIN
Control of breathing.
PONS
-lack of oxygen.
Cerebral palsy
RETICULAR
FORMATION
Motor control of visceral organs and plays a
role in consciousness and sleep cycle
Control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing,
swallowing, and vomiting, among others
MEDULLA
OBLONGATA
-mildest and most common form of spina bifida.
Spina Bifida Occulta
-the spinal cord and its protective covering don’t form properly
Meningocele
-most severe and common form of spina bifida
Myelomeningocele
