Endocrine Flashcards
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Mood control Individual growth Metabolism
is an organ that makes
one or more substances, such as
hormones, digestive juices, sweat
or tears. Endocrine glands release
hormones directly into your
bloodstream.
Glands
This hormone, produced by the
pituitary gland, is the primary
and direct activator of the
thyroid gland.
is located
at the base of the brain, protruding off
the bottom of the hypothalamus.
monitors and regulates growth
hormones; also controls reproductive
glands.
pituitary gland or hypophysis
“command center” of
the endocrine system.
hypothalamus–pituitary complex
is a structure of
the diencephalon of the brain located
anterior and inferior to the thalamus.
Hypothalamus
an extension of the neurons of the
paraventricular and supraoptic
nuclei of the hypothalamus.
posterior pituitary
stimulates uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix.
oxytocin
regulates the
growth of the human body, protein
synthesis, and cellular replication.
endocrine system
also called corticotropin,
stimulates the adrenal cortex (the more
superficial “bark” of the adrenal
glands) to secrete corticosteroid
hormones such as cortisol.
adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH),
is a
condition that occurs when the
body is unable to maintain a
stable internal environment. This
can lead to a variety of diseases
and disorders.
Homeostatic imbalance
results from destruction of the pituitary gland
via a neoplastic, degenerative, or anomalous process.
Pituitary dwarfism
is a small, butterfly-
shaped gland.
Thyroid
a major metabolic
hormone, consists of two active iodine-
containing hormones: thyroxine
Thyroid hormone
is a thyroid
hormone crucial for metabolic rate,
heart, digestive, muscle control,
brain development, and bone
maintenance, aiding in thyroid
disease diagnosis.
Triiodothyronine (T3)
is a crucial hormone released
by the thyroid gland, involved in metabolism,
heart and muscle function, brain
development, and bone maintenance.
Thyroxine (T4)
is an enlargement of the
thyroid gland, which is located at the
base of the neck just below the
Adam’s apple. It can be caused by
irregular cell growth forming one or
more lumps (nodules) in the thyroid.
While some goiters are harmless,
others may signal an underlying
thyroid condition.
Goiters
condition resulting from a thyroid
gland tumor, causes extreme overproduction of
thyroxine, leading to high metabolic rate, heat
intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, nervous
behavior, and inability to relax.
Hyperthyroidism
hormone produced by the thyroid gland that helps regulate blood
calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in bones and acting
antagonistically to parathyroid hormone.
Calcitonin
are four
small, oval-shaped glands located
next to the thyroid gland in the neck.
parathyroid glands
located close to the stomach in the abdominal
cavity, is considered as a mixed gland.
Pancreas
condition in
which your blood sugar level is
lower than the standard range.
Hypoglycemia
also called the pineal body or epiphysis
cerebri is a small, cone-shaped gland that hangs from
the roof of the third ventricle of the brain, it is located
beneath the back part of the corpus callosum.
pineal gland,
located in the upper thorax, posterior to the
sternum. Large in infants and children, it decreases in size
throughout adulthood. By old age,
thymus
