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Anatomy Term 1 > Nerves Part 3 > Flashcards

Nerves Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Nerves

A
  • pass through the vertebral foramen, then they branch
  • part of the PNS
  • 31 pairs of nerves
  • named from where on the vertebral column they exit
  • leave the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramina
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2
Q

Cervical Spine nerves

A

8 pairs
1st pair between the base of the skull (occipital bone), the last pair after the C7 vertebrae

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3
Q

Thoracic Spinal Nerves

A

12 Pairs

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4
Q

Lumbar Spinal Nerves

A

5 Pairs

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5
Q

Sacral Spinal Nerves

A

5 Pairs

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6
Q

Coccygeal nerves

A

1 Pair

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7
Q

Spinal Nerve Bundles

A

– arranged much like muscles
- neurons are grouped together in fascicles
- collection of fascicles make up a nerve

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8
Q

Axons, Fascicles, and the whole nerve have

A

protective connective
tissue coverings

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9
Q

Endoneurium

A

surrounds axons of individual neuros

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10
Q

Perineurium

A

surrounds bundles of neurons (fascicles)

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11
Q

Epineurium

A

Covering over entire nerve

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12
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

innervates skin and muscles of head, neck, and upper shoulders, and diaphragm (C1-C5)

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13
Q

Brachial Plexus

A
  • innervates upper limbs, neck, and shoulder muscles (C5-T1)
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14
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

innervates abdominal wall, genitals, parts of lower limbs (L1-L4)

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15
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

Innervates buttocks, perineum, lower limbs (L4-S4)

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16
Q

Reflex

A

protective mechanisms that allow us to respond quickly

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17
Q

Monosynaptic Reflex

A
  • involves only one synapse connecting the sensory neuron to the motor neuron in the spinal cord
  • can be used to help determine health of PNS
18
Q

5 Components of Monosynaptic Reflexes (Reflex Arc)

A

1) Sensory receptor
2) Sensory neuron
3) Integrating center
4) Motor neuron
5) Effector

19
Q

Nerve: I Olfactory

A

Function: Smell

20
Q

Nerve: II Optic

A

Function: Vision (Seeing)

21
Q

Nerve: III Oculomotor

A

Function: Eye Movement

22
Q

Nerve: IV Trochlear

A

Function: Eye Movement

23
Q

Nerve: V Trigeminal

A

Function
Sensory: Head & Face
Motor: Chewing

24
Q

VII Facial

A

Function
Sensory: Taste
Motor: Facial Muscles

25
Q

VIII Vestibulocochlear

A

Function:
Hearing
Balance

26
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal

A

Function:
Sensory: Taste
Motor: Swallowing

27
Q

X Vagus

A

Function
Sensory: Visceral Afferent
Motor: Swallowing

28
Q

XI Accessory

A

Function: Moving head and neck (SCM and Trapezius)

29
Q

XII Hypoglossal

A

Moving the tongue

30
Q

Efferent Nerves

A

carry signals out from the central nervous system to muscles or glands

31
Q

Efferent Divisions of the peripheral nervous system (2)

A
  1. Somatic nervous
  2. Autonomic nervous system
32
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A
  • regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands
  • usually operates without conscious control from the cerebral cortex, but other brain regions, mainly the hypothalamus and brainstem, regulate it
  • release either Acetylcholine (ACh) or norepinephrine (NE)
33
Q

Somatic Motor Neurons

A
  • Axon extended from the CNS and synapse directly with an effector (skeletal muscle)
  • Consist of two motor neurons that synapse in an autonomic ganglion
  • Release Acetylcholine (ACh)
34
Q

Pre-Ganglionic Nerves

A

Release ACh

35
Q

Postganglionic neurons release

A
  • sympathetic: NE
  • Parasympathetic: ACh
36
Q

Sympathetic fibres (Thoracolumbar)

A

Thoracic and Lumbar regions of the spinal cord
- leave the central nervous system at different levels of the spinal cord

37
Q

Parasympathetic fibers (Craniosacral)

A
  • Brainstem and sacral portion of the spinal cord
  • leave the central nervous system at different levels of the spinal cord
38
Q

ANS: Sympathetic Division

A

Fight or Flight
- Short preganglionic fibres (ACh)
- Long postganglionic fibres
(NE & Epi)

39
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

One set of postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division never develops axons.

40
Q

Adrenal Gland

A

Releases a mixture into blood
80% epinephrine
20% norepinephrine

41
Q

ANS Parasympathetic Division

A

Rest & Digest
- Long preganglionic fibers (Release ACh)
- Short postganglionic fibers (Release ACh)

42
Q

Parasympathetic Activities (Increase)

A

S.L.U.D.D
Salivation
Lacrimation (tears)
Urination
Digestion
Defecation

Anatomy Term 1 (7 decks)

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