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Anatomy Term 1 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Endocrine System

A
  • Ductless
  • Secrete hormones into
    bloodstream
  • Slower communication
  • Regulating feedback
    mechanisms
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2
Q

Exocrine Glands

A
  • Have ducts
  • Secrete substances to
    external environment
    ex.
  • Sudoriferous glands
  • Ceruminous glands
  • Mammary glands
  • Salivary glands
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3
Q

Pituitary Gland is protected by

A

sella turcica of the
sphenoid bone

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4
Q

Hypothalamus and pituitary are connected by

A

infundibulum

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5
Q

Posterior pituitary stores hormones made by

A

the hypothalamus (in axon terminals) (oxytocin & ADH)

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6
Q

Anterior pituitary makes hormones when

A

stimulated by hypothalamus tropic hormones

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7
Q

Capillaries in the median eminence form the

A

hypothalamo-pituitary portal vessels – direct blood connection between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

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8
Q

The posterior pituitary does not

A

synthesize any hormones; it ONLY secretes them

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9
Q

Oxytocin is involved in

A

(Happy Drug) uterine contractions, milk ejection in
nursing mothers, and emotional bonding,

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10
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH / Vasopressin) causes

A

causes kidneys to reabsorb water, and increases blood pressure when blood volume is low

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11
Q

A diuretic

A

Increases water excretion

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12
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TRH) produced by

A

anterior pituitary gland in response to the secretion of thyroid
releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus

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13
Q

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) acts on……. and is regulated by

A

acts on the thyroid gland and is regulated (via negative feedback) by the concentration of thyroid hormones in the
blood

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14
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) released by

A

Released by anterior pituitary gland
due to secretion of Corticotrophin-
Releasing Hormone (CRH) from the
hypothalamus

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15
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) acts on

A

Adreanl Cortex

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16
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) regulates

A

production of glucocorticoids (cortisol) in response to stress

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17
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) causes ….. to be produced

A

causes cortisol to be produced by the zona fasciculata region of the adrenal cortex

18
Q

Follicular-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates

A

development of the sperm in the testes and oocytes in the
ovaries

19
Q

Leutinizing Hormone stimulates

A

the gonads to produce the
hormones testosterone, estrogen, and
progesterone

20
Q

Males and females secrete Follicular-Stimulating Hormone and Leuteinizing Hormone (True or False)

A

True

21
Q

Prolactin produced

A

in anterior pituatary

22
Q

Prolactin is released in

A

response to the secretion of Prolactin-releasing
hormone (PRH - produced in the hypothalamus)

23
Q

Prolactins primary role

A

response to the secretion of Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH - produced in the hypothalamus)

24
Q

Growth Hormone (5 Things)

A
  1. Bone growth (length) in children and adolescents
  2. Protein Synthesis
  3. Metabolism
  4. Stimulates the immune system
  5. Involved in Cell Rejuvination
25
Q

Thyroid Hormones stimulated by

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Anterior Pituitary)

26
Q

T3 (tiiodothyronine) & T4 (thyroxine) produced in

A

follicular cells

27
Q

Thyroid Hormones main function

A
  • regulating hormones
28
Q

2 Micronutrients required for synthesis of Thyroid Hormone

A
  1. Iodine
  2. Selenium
29
Q

Parathyroid Hormone is secreted by

A

parathyroid glands (4 glands located in the neck on the thyroid gland)

30
Q

PTH helps regulate and increases

A

calcium levels

31
Q

Calcitonin secreted by

A

parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

32
Q

Calcitonin does

A

DECREASES blood calcium concentration by inhibiting osteoclasts

33
Q

Calcitonin is stimulated by

A

high calcium blood concentration

34
Q

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

A
  1. Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
  2. Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
  3. DHEA (androgen)
35
Q

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) main function

A

regulate blood ion levels by signaling kidney to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium and H+

  • Produced when blood pressure is low
36
Q

Cortisol (glucocorticoid) main function

A

increases blood glucose levels during stress

37
Q

DHEA (androgen)

A

Similar functions to testosterone

38
Q

What cells produces Insulin?

A

Beta Cells

39
Q

What cells produces glucagon?

A

Alpha cells

40
Q

3 Gonadal Hormones

A
  1. Estrogen
  2. Progesterone
  3. Testosterone

Anatomy Term 1 (7 decks)

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