Endocrine System Flashcards
Describe Endocrine System
- Ductless
- Secrete hormones into
bloodstream - Slower communication
- Regulating feedback
mechanisms
Exocrine Glands
- Have ducts
- Secrete substances to
external environment
ex. - Sudoriferous glands
- Ceruminous glands
- Mammary glands
- Salivary glands
Pituitary Gland is protected by
sella turcica of the
sphenoid bone
Hypothalamus and pituitary are connected by
infundibulum
Posterior pituitary stores hormones made by
the hypothalamus (in axon terminals) (oxytocin & ADH)
Anterior pituitary makes hormones when
stimulated by hypothalamus tropic hormones
Capillaries in the median eminence form the
hypothalamo-pituitary portal vessels – direct blood connection between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
The posterior pituitary does not
synthesize any hormones; it ONLY secretes them
Oxytocin is involved in
(Happy Drug) uterine contractions, milk ejection in
nursing mothers, and emotional bonding,
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH / Vasopressin) causes
causes kidneys to reabsorb water, and increases blood pressure when blood volume is low
A diuretic
Increases water excretion
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TRH) produced by
anterior pituitary gland in response to the secretion of thyroid
releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) acts on……. and is regulated by
acts on the thyroid gland and is regulated (via negative feedback) by the concentration of thyroid hormones in the
blood
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) released by
Released by anterior pituitary gland
due to secretion of Corticotrophin-
Releasing Hormone (CRH) from the
hypothalamus
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) acts on
Adreanl Cortex
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) regulates
production of glucocorticoids (cortisol) in response to stress
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) causes ….. to be produced
causes cortisol to be produced by the zona fasciculata region of the adrenal cortex
Follicular-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates
development of the sperm in the testes and oocytes in the
ovaries
Leutinizing Hormone stimulates
the gonads to produce the
hormones testosterone, estrogen, and
progesterone
Males and females secrete Follicular-Stimulating Hormone and Leuteinizing Hormone (True or False)
True
Prolactin produced
in anterior pituatary
Prolactin is released in
response to the secretion of Prolactin-releasing
hormone (PRH - produced in the hypothalamus)
Prolactins primary role
response to the secretion of Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH - produced in the hypothalamus)
Growth Hormone (5 Things)
- Bone growth (length) in children and adolescents
- Protein Synthesis
- Metabolism
- Stimulates the immune system
- Involved in Cell Rejuvination
Thyroid Hormones stimulated by
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Anterior Pituitary)
T3 (tiiodothyronine) & T4 (thyroxine) produced in
follicular cells
Thyroid Hormones main function
- regulating hormones
2 Micronutrients required for synthesis of Thyroid Hormone
- Iodine
- Selenium
Parathyroid Hormone is secreted by
parathyroid glands (4 glands located in the neck on the thyroid gland)
PTH helps regulate and increases
calcium levels
Calcitonin secreted by
parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland
Calcitonin does
DECREASES blood calcium concentration by inhibiting osteoclasts
Calcitonin is stimulated by
high calcium blood concentration
Adrenal Cortex Hormones
- Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
- Cortisol (glucocorticoid)
- DHEA (androgen)
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) main function
regulate blood ion levels by signaling kidney to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium and H+
- Produced when blood pressure is low
Cortisol (glucocorticoid) main function
increases blood glucose levels during stress
DHEA (androgen)
Similar functions to testosterone
What cells produces Insulin?
Beta Cells
What cells produces glucagon?
Alpha cells
3 Gonadal Hormones
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
