Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

Define homeostasis

A

The ability to change internal conditions to adapt to the animal’s surroundings

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2
Q

Which two organ systems allow the body to perform homeostasis

A

the nervous system and the endocrine system

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3
Q

How do plants change according to their surroundings

A

via phototropism, e.g. reacting to the direction of light and growing towards it

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4
Q

What is a stimulus

A

change in the animal’s surroundings

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5
Q

What is a receptor

A

the organ which detects the change

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6
Q

What is an effector

A

muscles which react to the stimulus

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7
Q

What do receptors do

A

They detect the stimulus and change the energy into nerve impulses e.g. the eye converts light energy to nerve impulses

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8
Q

Name the two nervous systems and what they consist of

A

Central Nervous System, consisting of the brain and the spinal cord and the Peripheral Nervous System, consisting of every other nerve in the body

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9
Q

Name the three types of neurones

A

Sensory, Motor, Relay

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10
Q

What is a dendrite

A

Tree-like projections which connect to different neurones. One neurone can connect to many other neurones

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11
Q

What is the axon

A

The long section connecting the dendrites together with other nerves and muscles. It can be around 1m long

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12
Q

What is the myelin sheath and what is it used for

A

Cells wrapped around the axon, insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of the impulse.

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13
Q

What is a reflex

A

They are automated actions which do not involve the brain

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14
Q

Describe the steps of the reflex arc, from when the stimulus is detected to when the muscle reacts

A

The receptors detect the stimulus change in temperature and send an impulse along the sensory neurone. The sensory neurone passes the impulse across the spinal cord to a relay neurone The gap between neurones is called a synapse. The relay neurone then passes the impulse to motor neurone The motor neurone causes the effector to contract and move the arm away from the stimulus

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