NERVES

Question 1

What is the Central Nervous System?

Answer 1

The body’s master control unit, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 2

What does the Peripheral Nervous System link to?

Answer 2

The outside world.

Question 3

What are the two main divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 3

• Somatic (Voluntary)
• Autonomic

Question 4

What are cranial nerves?

Answer 4

Nerves that emerge directly from the brain or brainstem, totaling 12 pairs.

Question 5

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 5

31 pairs.

Question 6

List the types of spinal nerves by region.

Answer 6

• 8 cervical
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
• 5 sacral
• 1 coccygeal

Question 7

What structures do spinal nerves supply?

Answer 7

Structures of the trunk wall and the limbs.

Question 8

What is a plexus?

Answer 8

A network of nerves formed from the ventral rami.

Question 9

What does the cervical plexus supply?

Answer 9

Structures in the neck and the diaphragm.

Question 10

What does the brachial plexus supply?

Answer 10

The upper limbs.

Question 11

What does the lumbar plexus supply?

Answer 11

The lower limb.

Question 12

What does the lumbosacral plexus supply?

Answer 12

The lower limb.

Question 13

What is the sensory function of nerves?

Answer 13

To provide sensation to skin, joints, and proprioception.

Question 14

What is the motor function of nerves?

Answer 14

To turn muscles on and make them contract, and to increase secretion from glands.

Question 15

What is the mnemonic for the Brachial Plexus?

Answer 15

‘MARMU’.

Question 16

What are the four components used to describe a nerve?

Answer 16

• Course
• Root value
• Sensory distribution
• Motor distribution

Question 17

What muscles does the Musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 17

• Coracobrachialis
• Biceps Brachii
• Brachialis

Question 18

What is the course of the Axillary nerve?

Answer 18

Descends behind axillary artery in front of subscapularis, running close to the shoulder joint.

Question 19

What muscles does the Axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 19

• Deltoid
• Teres Minor

Question 20

What is the course of the Radial nerve?

Answer 20

Between long and medial heads of triceps, in radial groove on shaft of humerus.

Question 21

List the muscles innervated by the Radial nerve.

Answer 21

• Brachioradialis
• All upper limb extensors
• Supinator
• Abductor Pollicis Longus

Question 22

What is the course of the Median nerve?

Answer 22

Medial to brachial artery in lower half of arm, crosses anterior aspect of elbow.

Question 23

List the muscles innervated by the Median nerve.

Answer 23

• Flexor Carpi Radialis
• Palmaris Longus
• Pronators
• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
• Flexor Digitorum Profundus (lateral)
• Flexor Pollicis Longus
• Abductor Pollicis Brevis
• Flexor Pollicis Brevis
• Opponens Pollicis
• Lateral 2 Lumbricals

Question 24

What is the course of the Ulnar nerve?

Answer 24

Medial to brachial artery, passes through medial head of triceps, lies between medial epicondyle and olecranon.

Question 25

List the muscles innervated by the Ulnar nerve.

Answer 25

* Flexor Carpi Ulnaris * Flexor Digitorum Profundus (medial) * Palmaris Brevis * Abductor Digiti Minimi * Flexor Digiti Minimi * Opponens Digiti Minimi * Medial 2 Lumbricals * Adductor Pollicis * All interossei

Question 26

True or False: Peripheral nerves are not susceptible to squashing and tension.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What can exceed the capacity of anatomical arrangements to protect peripheral nerves?

Answer 27

Severe traction injuries.

Question 28

Where are nerves particularly susceptible to squashing?

Answer 28

Where they lie on a bone, are close to the surface, or pass through a muscle belly.